SMITH 



519 



and others. In point of talent the authors were 

 about equally matched ; for though James had the 

 greatest number of successful imitations, the most 

 felicitous of the whole is Horace's ' Tale of Drury 

 Lane, by W.S.' (' I must have done this myself,' 

 said Walter Scott, 'although I forget on what 

 occasi6n.') It is a curious fact in literary history 

 that the Rejected Addresses should themselves have 

 suffered rejection, and that the copyright, offered 

 originally to Murray for 20 and refused, was pur- 

 chased by him for 131 in 1819, after the book had 

 run through sixteen editions, and had brought its 

 authors over 1000. James was afterwards an 

 occasional contributor to the periodical literature 

 of the day, and received 1000 for writing Charles 

 Mathews 'entertainments.' Horace between 1807 

 and 1845 produced more than a score of three- 

 volume novels Brambletye House, Tor Hill, &c. 

 These are forgotten, but a new edition of his Tin 

 Trumpet (1836) appeared in 1869, in which year 

 also an edition de luxe of the Rejected Addresses 

 was published at New York. Of Horace's Poems 

 <2 vuls. 1846) the best known is the 'Ode to an 

 Egyptian Mummy.' James died in London on 

 24th December 1839, and Horace at Tunbridge 

 Wells on 12th July 1849. 



See PARODY; also vol. L of Hayward's Biographical 

 and Critical Eaayi ( 1858), and Timte't Lives of the Wits 

 and Humourittt ( 1862). 



Smith. JOHN, one of the Cambridge Platonists, 

 was born early in 1616, the son of a small farmer 

 at Achnrch, near Oundle, in Northamptonshire. 

 At eighteen he entered Emmanuel College, Cam- 

 bridge, as a sizar, had Whichcote for his tutor, 

 graduated B.A. in 1640, but missed a fellowship in 

 lii- own college, as another Northamptonshire man 

 already held one. However, the Earl of Man- 

 chester's clearances at Queen's College opened up 

 for him a fellowship there in June 1644. Here he 

 laboured with diligence as Hebrew lecturer, Censor 

 Philosophicus, Greek Proelector, and became in 

 1650 Dean of the college and Catechist. But his 

 feeble health gave way, and he died, after a long 

 illness borne with saintly patience, 7th August 

 1652, and was buried in the college chapel. His 

 funeral sermon was preached by Simon Patrick, 

 who wrote long alter in his Autobiography, 

 4 Blessed be God for the good I got by him while 

 he lived.' His Select Discourses was published in 

 1660, again in 1673, in 1821, and at the Cambridge 

 press in 1859. A selection was edited by Lord 

 Hailes in 1756. The subjects of these Discourses 

 are the True Way of attaining to Divine Know- 

 ledge, Superstition, the Immortality of the Soul, 

 the Existence and Nature of God, Prophecy, Legal 

 and Evangelical Righteousness, the Shortness of 

 a Pharisaical Righteousness, the Christian's Con- 

 flicts with, and Conquests over, Satan, and the 

 Excellency and Nobleness of True Religion the 

 last an especially admirable treatise, marked at 

 once by strong thought and spiritual inwardness. 



Smith, CAPTAIN JOHN, adventurer and ex- 

 plorer, was born at Willoughby, Lincolnshire, in 

 1580, and was educated at the schools of Alford 

 and Louth. On his father's death in 1596 he 

 made up his mind to go to sea, but instead his 

 guardian l>ound him apprentice to a merchant of 

 Lynn. Business not being to his mind, lie accom- 

 panied the second son of Lord Willoughby to 

 France, and at Havre saw some soldiering under 

 Henry IV. Next we find him in the Low Conn- 

 tries, whence he crossed to Scotland, returned to 

 \Villoughby, lived in a wood and studied Machi- 

 avelli and Marcus Aurelius, and exercised himself 

 on a good horse with lance and ring. As the Turks 

 were at that time ravaging Hungary he made up his 

 mind to join the Christian army, and was robbed by 



four adventurers in France on his way thither. He 

 joined a half-merchant, half-pirate, and in coasting 

 round Italy and the north of Africa they were 

 enriched by the capture of a Venetian argosy. 

 Next at Gratz, in Styria, he entered the service 

 of Ferdinand, Duke of Austria, under whom he 

 greatly distinguished himself, and had some aston- 

 ishing adventures. He was sold as a slave and 

 marched to Adrianople, but escaped and travelled 

 through Germany, France, Spain, and Morocco. 

 After a sea-fight with two Spanisli men-of-war he 

 returned to England in 1604 enriched with 10<)0 

 ducats. In 1605 he joined the expedition of a 

 London company to colonise Virginia. In April 

 1607 Jamestown was founded on the James River. 

 On the way out Smith had been accused of con- 

 spiracy and narrowly escaped hanging, but in June 

 1607 he had his full liberty, and was admitted to 

 the governing council. There was a desperate 

 scarcity of food, and in endeavouring to find sup- 

 plies, he fell into the hands of Powhatan, an 

 Indian chief, and was only saved from being 

 clubbed to death by the intervention of the 

 Princess Pocahontas (q.v. ). Smith was elected 

 President of the colony in 1608, but returned to 

 England disabled by an accident with gunpowder 

 towards the end of 1609. During 1610-17 ne was 

 again in North Virginia ; and he died in London, 

 21st June 1631. His works include A True Relation 

 of Occurrences in Virginia ( 1608), A Description of 

 New England ( 1616), New England's Trials ( 1620 ), 

 General History of Virginia (1624), and True 

 Travels of Captain John Smith ( 1630). In Charles 

 Deane's edition of A True Relation (Boston, 1866) 

 doubts were first raised as to the veracity of the 

 Pocahontas story. Professor .Arber, who edited a 

 careful reprint of Smith's works in 1884, believes 

 in him implicitly ; but doubts are again raised in 

 Henry Adams' Historical Essays (1892). There 

 are Lives by Scheibler ( 1782 ), Sparks ( 1834 ), Simms 

 ( 1843), Warner ( 1881 ), and Ashton ( 1884). 



Smith, JOSEPH. See MORMONS. 



Smith, ROBERT, whose name lives in the 

 Smith's Prizes at Cambridge, was born in 1689, 

 and was cousin to the mathematician Roger Cotes, 

 whom he succeeded as Plumian professor of Astro- 

 nomy at Cambridge in 1716. He succeeded Bentley 

 as master of Trinity College in 1742, published 

 Harmonia Menfurarum (1722), A Complete System 

 of Optics ( 1738), and Harmonics, or the Philosophy 

 of musical Sounds (1748), edited the Lectures on 

 Hydrostatics and Pneumatics of Cotes in 1737, and 

 died at Cambridge in 1768. The two Smith Prizes, 

 now amounting to about 23 each, are, by a Grace 

 of October 1883, awarded annually for the essays of 

 greatest merit on any subject in mathematics or 

 natural philosophy by recent B.A. 's. Holders have 

 been Henry Martyn, J. Herschel, Whewell, Airy, 

 Colenso, Stokes, Cay ley, J. C. Adams, Lord Kelvin, 

 Tait, and Clerk-Maxwell. 



Smith, SIR SIDNEY, the hero of Acre. See 

 SMITH (SiR WILLIAM SIDNEY). 



Smith, SYDNEY, wit and reformer, was born at 

 Woodford, Essex, on 3d June 1771, the second in a 

 family of four sons and one daughter. His father, 

 Robert Smith (1739-1827), was a clever eccentric, 

 who 'bought, altered, spoilt, and then sold about 

 nineteen different places in England ; ' from his 

 mother, Maria Olier (died 1802), the daughter of a 

 French Huguenot, he derived all his finest quali- 

 ties. After five years at Southampton, in 1782 he 

 was sent to Winchester, where he rose to be captain 

 of the school, and whence, having first spent six 

 months at Mont Villiers in Normandy, in 1789 

 he proceeded to New College, Oxford. He duly 

 obtained a fellowship, but of only 100 a year, and 

 in 1794 was ordained to the Wiltshire curacy of 



