.IN- >(U Til AKKH'AN KKI't r.Lli; 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA 



South'* MTinons are masterpieces of clear thought 

 expressed in direct vigorous English, boiuctimes 

 rising to splendid eloquence, and often seasoned with 

 a wit ami sarcasm altogether unusual in the pulpit, 

 and sometimes far lieyond the limits of propriety. 

 A masculine intellect, a mastery of arrangement and 

 analysis, and an uncompromising strength of con- 

 viction ami of confidence in his own opinions were 

 <|iialities enough to make a great preacher, but the 

 .me supreme gift of the orator, that of genuine and 

 quickening enthusiasm, was denied him. Still more, 

 vrn his noblest passages are too often marred by a 

 Iiitterness and party-spirit which warped his judg- 

 ment nnd clouded his intellect with prejudice. 'A 

 learned but ill -natural divine,' as Burnet calls him. 

 lie abhorred all mysticism and extravagance, sneers 

 at the new philosophy and the recently founded 

 Royal Society, and carried to a height unusual even 

 among royalists the fatal Stuart theories of passive 

 obedience' and the divine right of kings. Yet, 

 though South loved to lie coiled the ' preacher of 

 the Old Cavaliers,' he did not spare their vices, 

 while it still remains tme, as Dean Lake says, 

 that hatred of vice is far less prominent in his 

 preaching than hatred of Nonconformity. Yet 

 South could rise to the height of a great argument, 

 and such sermons as that on 'Man made in the 

 Image of God ' give him rank among the greatest 

 masters of English eloquence. Just as on the one 

 side his power of wrapping up in homely words the 

 bitterest ridicule and invective recalls the stronger 

 hand of Swift, so on the other his positiveness of 

 mind, dialectic skill, and power of passionate 

 indignation reminds us of the greater Bossuet. 



He himself published many single sermons, and a 

 collected edition in six volumes in 1692, which went 

 through varioui editions, and was supplemented by five 

 additional volumes in 1744. In Iil7 appeared his 

 I'otthumoiu Worla, with a Memoir, also his Ope<-a 

 J'oMuma Latina. The foregoing were republished at 

 the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in 7 vols. in 1823 (5 vols. 

 184*2). A useful edition of the sermons was that pub- 

 lished by Bohn ( 2 vols. 1 K44 ). See the Quarterly Kfritir, 

 voL cxxiv. (1868), and Dean Lake in ' Classic Preachers 

 of the English Church,' 1st series (1877). 



South African Republic. See TRANS- 

 VAAL. 



South African Company. See RHODES 

 (C. .1.1, and ZAMBESIA. 



South America. See AMERICA. 



and enmity borough ami important KeaiKirt, in tfie 

 south of Hampshire, 12J miles SS\V. of Winchester, 

 234 X\V. of Portsmouth, and Tit S\V. of London 



by tin' London anil South-western Kail way ( 1840). 

 It oeeupics a peninsula at the head of Southampton 

 Water, and between the estuary of the Tent on 

 the west and south and the mouth of the Itchen 

 on the east. There are considerable remains of 

 the 14th-century town-walls, and four out of seven 

 gates, the Norman Margate lx>ing much the finest, 

 though shorn of its etligien of Sir Bevis of Hampton 

 and the giant Ascapard. Southampton is fur 

 nished with the usual municipal and other insti- 

 tutions common to all thriving towns, and has 

 l>esjdes the Watt* Memorial Hail (1876), a grnm- 

 mar-schiKil (I.V>:t; rebuilt and reorganised IK72- 

 76), the Hartley Institution (1862), and the head- 

 quarters of the Ordnaiire Survey ( 1W>7 ). St Mary's 

 Church (1878-79), by Street, is a memorial to 

 Hishop Willn>rforce. St Michael's Church, the 

 oldest in the Ixirough. contain- Norman tower 

 arches, and several of the private houses are of 

 Norman architecture. The Donna Dei, or God's 

 House, date* from the end of the 12th century, 

 and is one of the earliest hospitals in Kngland ; in 

 it* chapel (now used for French service) are buried 

 the Earl of Cambridge, Lord Scrope, and Sir Thomas 



Jrey, executed by Henry V. for treason in 1416. 

 Tin' docks, first opened in 1842, can Moat the largest 

 steamers, and have l>een greatly extended and im- 

 proved. A new tidal dock, 18 acres in extent and 

 having a minimum depth of 26 feet at low water 

 spring tides, was opened by l^ueen \ ii-toiia on '.'lith 

 luly ISWl; it-s cost was "300,000. A hand--- 

 pier was opened by the Duke of Ciuiiiaught in 

 1892; and a new graving-dock, ~'> feet long 1,\ 

 ll'JJ feet broad, was o]>ened by the 1'rinreof Wales 

 in 1896. Southampton is the place of departure 

 and arrival of the West India and Brazil and tin- 

 South Afriran mail steam |>aekets, and has a 

 large trade with the Continent. In 1896 the gross 

 tonnage of the shipping was 2,998,254 tons. \ acht 

 and ship building and engine-making are actively 

 carried on. Incorporated as a borough by Henry 

 I., Southampton returns two members to the House 

 of Commons. Pop. (1801) 7913; (1851) 45,305; 

 ( 1881 ) 60,051 ; ( 1891 ) 65,325. 



Southampton supplanted the Roman station of 

 Clausentum, which stood about one mile to the 

 north-east, and its foundation is ascribed to the 

 Anglo-Saxons. It is called II am tune and Suth- 

 Hamtun in the Saxon Chronicle, and Hantune in 

 the Domesday Book. After the Conquest South- 

 ampton, from which there was ready transit to 

 Normandy, began to prosper rapidly, and in early 

 times it traded with Venice and Bayonne, Bordeaux 

 and Rochelle, Cordova and Tunis. A great part of 

 it was burned by the combined French, Spanish, 

 and Genoese fleets in 1338, and in the following 

 year its defences were strengthened. Southampton 

 is the birthplace of Isaac Watts (to whom in 1861 

 a monument was erected in the West Park), of 

 Charles Dibdin, and of Sir J. E. Millais. 



SOUTHAMPTON WATER is a 6ne inlet, stretching 

 north-westward from the point at which the Solent 

 and Spit head unite. It is 11 miles long and nearly 

 2 miles wide. The Isle of Wight, which intervenes 

 lietween the Southampton Water and the Channel, 

 forms a magnificent natural breal. water, and occa- 

 sions a second high-water two ho irs after the first. 

 Southampton Water receives tin Test or Anton, 

 Itchen, and Hamble. 



See the map at the article POBTSJ.OCTH ; J. Silvester 

 Davies' fiittory of Soutliampton (1883); and F. 

 M'Kadden's Vatiget of Old Southampton (1891). 



Southampton, HENRY WRIOTHKSLEY, EARL 

 OF (1573-1624), the friend and patron of Shake- 

 speare nj.v.. p. 364), was mixed up with Essex's 

 insurrection, took part in the colonisation of Vir- 

 ginia, was imprisoned in 1621 for opposition to the 

 court in parliament, and died of fever at Bergen- 

 op-Zoom whilst fighting for the Dutch. 



South Australia has Western Australia on 

 one side and Queensland, New South Wales, 

 and Victoria on the other. Originally it lay 

 between 132 and 141 E. long., extending only 

 to 26 S. lat. Inclusive of the Northern Territory, 

 it now crosses the continent l>etween 129 and 141 

 E., being 1850 miles in length. The present area 

 is 903,690 sq. m. (of which the Northern Terri. 

 tory contains 523,620), or more than fifteen times 

 the* size of England and Wales. Less barren than 

 Western Australia, it has not the fertility of the 

 eastern colonies, from want of sufficient ram. Two 

 dry peninsulas, Yorke and Lincoln, or Eyria, point 

 southward, enclosing two great inlets Spencer's 

 Gulf and Gulf St Vincent. Kangaroo Island lies 

 between. A chain of mountains runs from the 

 south-east up to the Lake District depression. 

 Ranges, with outliers, are seen right across to, and 

 through, the Northern Territory; but few points 

 rise to 3000 feet: Lofty, near Adelaide, is 2300 

 feet. The Murray River of eastern Australia 

 has its month in South Australia. Torrens, by 

 Adelaide, and a few other short streams reach the 



