672 



STAG 



STAGHOUND 



nearly 000 collieries, yield also (especially the 

 1101 thorn one) vast quantities of ironstone (Me 

 IKON, Vol. VI. p. 216). The climate in cold and 

 linniid, with a rainfall of 36 inches; and, though 

 in. in- than four-fifths of the area is arable, much of 

 the soil is cold and clayey, and igriealtare is in 

 rather a backward condition. In the ' Potteries ' of 

 North Staffordshire, embracing Stoke-upou-Trent. 

 Etruria, Hanley, Burelem, iVc., most extensive 

 manufactures of china and earthenware are carried 

 on (see Vol. VIII. p. 367); and in the 'Black 

 Country ' in the south, with Wolverhampton and 

 Walsall, iron is very largely manufactured in all 

 its branches. The Burton breweries are world- 

 famous. There is a perfect network of railways 

 and canals. Staffordshire, which is mainly in the 

 diocese of Lichfield, contains five hundreds and 

 247 parishes. There are 100 county councillors, 

 and for parliamentary purposes the county has 

 been divided since 1885 into seven divisions, each 

 returning one member Leek, Burton, West, 

 North-west, Lichfield, Kingswinford, and Hands- 

 worth. The thirteen municipal boroughs, with 

 their population in 1891, are Burslem, 30,862 ; 

 Burton-on-Trent, 46,04" ; Hanley, 54,846 ; Lich- 

 field, 7864; Longton, 34,327; Newcastle-nnder- 

 L\me, 18,452; Stafford, 20,270; Stoke-upon-Trent, 

 24,027; Tamworth, 6614; Walsall, 71,791; Wed- 

 nesbury, 25,342; West Bromwich, 59,489; and 

 Wolverhampton, 82,620. Pop. of entire county 

 (1801) 242,693; (1841) 509,472; (1881) 981,009; 

 ( 1891 ) 1,083,408. Staffordshire has no great wealth 

 <>f antiquities, and has been the scene of no battles 

 more important than Blore Heath (1459) and 

 llopton Heath (1643). Among it* natives have 

 been Lord Anson, Ashmole, Dr Johnson, Thomas 

 Newton, Cardinal Pole, Earl St Vincent, Izaak 

 Walton, and Josiah Wedgwood. 



See county histories by R. Plot (1686), S. Erdeswick 

 (1717; 4th ed. 1844), 8. Shaw (1798-1801), and K. 

 Garner (1844-60); the Proceeding* of the William Salt 

 Archaeological Society (1880 et leg.); Colleetiont for a 

 Hittory of Staffonlfhirc ( vol. xiii. 1893 ) ; and works cited 

 in Simnw'B Bibliotkeca Staffordientis (Lichfield, 1894). 



Slau i the term for the male of the Red Deer 

 (q.v.). In Scotland the pursuit of the stag is 

 mainly by deer-stalking, a long and laborious 

 approach on foot allowing at best a chance of a rifle 

 shot at the deer from a place of concealment. In 

 England wild red deer are still hunted on horseback 

 on Exmoor. The hounds are like foxhounds (see 

 Bt'CKHOUND), and a good run may extend to 

 20 or 30 miles. The hunting season is 12th August 

 8th October, and 25th Miuvh Kith May. Else- 

 where deer-hunting is the hunting of carted deer 

 (usually fallow-deer) let loose from a van, the 

 hounds being set on a quarter of an hour later. 

 See DEER FORESTS, EXMOOK KOKKST (and works 

 t IHTC cited) ; Iluntimj, in the ' Badminton Library' 

 (188")); and Fortescue's ICecordt of Stmj -Itimtiiiy 

 onExinoor (1887). 



Stag-beetle (Lnrnnv), a genus of Laini-lli- 

 corn beetles, nearly allied to the Scaraliees. The 

 male* are remarkable for the large size of their 

 mandibles, the branching of which in /.. rrrrim 

 and /,. flii/ilinx has suggested -t agn" antlers. The 

 oiiimoti Knropeim Stag-beetle (L. ceri-us) is a large 

 formidable-looking insert, tin- males lieing fully 

 2 inches long, and able to give a sharp bite with 

 their strong mandibles. It Hies aUnit in the even 

 ing in the iniddle of summer, ehielly freqnentfalg 

 oak- woods. The larva feeds on the \vood of the 

 oak and willow, and is injurious to the trunks of 

 trees, into which it eats it* way very rapidly. It 

 in Rii|>poHed by some to be the Cossu.i of the ancient 

 IConmiiH, much esteemed by them as a delicacy. 

 It lives for several years 'liefore undergoing its 



transformations (see BEETLE). In most species of 

 Liicanus, and of the nearly related genus Passalna, 



Stag-beetle ( /. 



.he tropical forms 



are some shade of brown, 

 are often brilliant. 



Stage. See DRAMA, THEATRE. 



Stage-roach. See COACHING. 



Staggers is a popular term applied to several 

 diseases of horses. Mad or Sleepy Staggers is 

 inflammation of the brain, a rare but fatal com- 

 plaint, marked by high fever, a staggering gait, 

 violent convulsive struggling, usually terminating 

 in stupor ; it is treated^)' Bleeding, full doses of 

 physic, and cold applied to the head. Gross or 

 Stomach Staggers is acute indigestion, usually 

 occasioned by overloading the stomach and l>owefs 

 with tough 'hard grass, vetches, or clover, a full 

 meal of wheat, or other indigestible food. It is 

 most common in summer and autumn, is indicated 

 by impaired appetite, distended abdomen, dull 

 aspect, unsteady gait, and is remedied by full 

 doses of purgative medicine, such as six drachms 

 of aloes and a drachm of calomel rubl>ecl down 

 together, and given in a quart of thin well-boiled 

 gruel. Frequent clysters, with hand-rubbing and 

 hot water to the belly, are likewise useful. Where 

 the dullness increases, non-alcoholic stimulants 

 should be given. See also HvDATID. 



Sl:iull()llll(l. a name applied both to the Buck- 

 hound (q.v.) ami to the Scottish decrhmind. The 

 latter breed has been established in Scotland from 



Deerhound, 'Bonnie Ralph.' 



time immemorial, and has probably sprung from 

 the same source as the Irish wolfhound and the 

 smooth greyhound. A mutest between two deer- 

 hounds is vividly described in Ossian's poems. 

 The breed seems to have been in danger of extinc- 

 tion almnt the lieginning of the 19th century, 

 when crosses of fresh blood were tried, and the 

 lured successfully revived. Owing to the altered 

 ronditions of sport the staghound can only be 



