STANHOPE 



STANLEY 



679 



Stanhope, a town in the county of Durham, 

 on the Wear, 26 miles W. of Durham by rail. Its 

 rectory, once known in the north country as the 

 ' golden rectory,' was held by Bishop Butler ( 1725- 

 40). The famous lead-mines are now much less 

 profitable than of old. Pop. 1840. 



Stanhope, LADY HESTER LUCY, the eldest 

 daughter or Charles, third Earl Stanhope, and his 

 wife Hester, daughter of the great Lorn Chatham, 

 was born at Chevening, Kent, on 12th March 1776. 

 She grew up to be a woman of great personal 

 charm and of unusual force and originality of 

 character. In 1803 she went to reside with her 

 uncle, William Pitt, and as mistress of his estab- 

 lishment and his most trusted confidant during his 

 season of power and till his death she had full scope 

 for the exercise of her imperious and queenly in- 

 stincts. On Pitt's death in 1806 a pension of 1200 

 a year was assigned her by the king. Fox pro- 

 posed to provide for her much more munificently, 

 but she proudly declined hU offers, as unwilling to 

 accept benefit at the hands of the political enemy 

 of her dead uncle. The change from the excite- 

 ments of a public career, as it might almost be 

 called, to the life of an ordinary woman of her 

 rank with means somewhat insufficient was natur- 

 ally irksome to her, and in 1808 she was tried still 

 further by the death at Corunna of her favourite 

 brother Major Stanhope, and of Sir John Moore, 

 for whom she is known to have cherished an affec- 

 tion. Conceiving a disgust for society, she retired 

 for a time into Wales, and in 1810 left England 

 never to return. In mere restlessness of spirit she 

 wandered on the eastern shores of the Mediter- 

 ranean, and finally in 1814 settled herself among 

 the half-savage tribes of Mount Lebanon. Here 

 he led the strangest life, adopting in everything 

 the Eastern manners, and by the force anJ fear- 



],.,-,M,.., ill h'-r rii:il;i'-t"l iii.t ;dlli III,' H wmiih'rf 111 



ascendency over the rude races around her. She 

 was regarded by them with superstitious reverence 

 as a sort of prophetess, and gradually came so 

 to consider herself. With the garb of *a Moham- 

 medan chieftain, she adopted something of the 

 faith of one, and her religion, which seems to have 

 been sincere and profound, was compounded in 

 about equal proportions out of the Koran and the 

 Bible. Her recklessly profuse lil>era)ities involved 

 her in constant straits for money ; and her health 

 also giving way, her last years were passed in 

 wretchedness of various kinds, under which, how- 

 ever, her untamable spirit supported her bravely 

 to the end. She dieu on 23d June 1839, with 

 no European near her, and was buried in her own 

 garden. The main sources of information al>out 

 her are the notes of Lamartine, Kinglake, and 

 other travellers who visited her in her strange 

 seclusion, and the Memoirs and Travels derived 

 from her own lips, and afterwards (6 vols. Loud. 

 1845-46) published by Dr Meryon, the physician 

 who went abroad with her, and from time to time 

 'lived with her in her retirement. 



Stanhope, PHILIP HENRY, EARL, historian 

 and biographer, was sixth in descent from the first 

 Earl of Chesterfield, and fourth from James, first 

 Earl Stanhope (1675-1721), an eminent military 

 commander, who effected the reduction of Port 

 Mahon in Minorca, and was the favourite minister 

 of George I. His grandson, Charles, third Earl 

 ( 1 7.">3-l816 ), was an advanced Liberal, distinguished 

 for his scientific researches, and the inventor of a 

 printing-press which bears his name. The subject 

 of this notice, only son of the fourth earl, was born 

 at Waimer, 31st January 1805. He took his B.A. 

 at Oxford in 1827, and seven years later was created 

 D.C.L., having entered the House of Commons in 

 1830. He wan greatly instrumental in 1842 in 



securing the passing of the Copyright Act(q.v.), 

 was Under-secretary for Foreign Affairs during the 

 brief Peel administration (1834-35), and Secretary 

 to the Indian Board of Control under the same 

 minister ( 1845-46). He was a moderate Conserva- 

 tive in politics, and was warmly attached to Sir 

 Kobert Peel, who named him one of his literary 

 executors, and whose Memoirs he edited in con- 

 junction with Mr Cardwell. His contributions to 

 history are numerous and valuable. Macaulay, in 

 a review of his War of the Succession in Spain 

 (1832), credits him with some of the most valu- 

 able qualities of a historian viz. perspicuousness, 

 conciseness, 'great diligence in examining author- 

 ities, great judgment in weighing testimony, and 

 great impartiality in estimating characters.' His 

 most considerable work is A History of England 

 from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 

 171S-8S (7 vols. 1836-54); and his other works 

 include Lives of Belisarius, Conde (originally in 

 French ), and Pitt ; a History of Spain under 

 Charles II. ; an edition of Lord Chesterfield's 

 Letters ; Historical and Critical Essays ; and Mis- 

 cellanies. He was elected President of the Society 

 of Antiquaries ( 1846), and Lord Rector of the uni- 

 versity of Aberdeen (1858). He was known by 

 the courtesy title of Viscount Mahon till 1855, 

 when he succeeded his father in the earldom. He 

 was mainly instrumental in procuring the appoint- 

 ment of the Historical Manuscripts Commission 

 and the foundation of the National Portrait Gallery. 

 In 1872 he was elected one of the six foreign 

 memljcrs of the Academy of Moral and Political 

 Sciences at Paris, and he 'died at Bournemouth, 22d 

 December 1875. 



Stanislaus. See POLAND, pp. 271-2. 



Stanislawow, or STASISLAU, a town in the 

 Austrian crown-land of Galicia, stands on the 

 Bistritza, 87 miles by rail SE. of Lemberg, has 

 imi>ortant railway workshops, brick- works, &c., 

 and is the seat of a Greek-Catholic archbishop. 

 Pop. (1890) 22,391, about one-half Jews. 



Stanley. See DERBY (EARL OF). 



Stanley, ARTHUR PESRHYN, born at the 

 rectory, Alderley, 13th December 1815, the second 

 son and third child of the Kev. Edward Stanley 

 ( 1779-1849, second son of Sir John Thomas Stanley 

 of Alderley, Bart.), for thirty-two years rector 

 of Alderley, Cheshire, and for twelve bishop of 

 Norwich. The bishop's elder brother was raised 

 to the peerage, under the title of Baron Stanley of 

 Alderlev, in 1839. Arthur Stanley was educated 

 at Kugby under Dr Arnold, and at Oxford, where 

 he entered Balliol in 1834, and had Tail (after- 

 wards Archbishop of Canterbury) for tutor. He 

 took the Ireland scholarship and the Newdigate 

 prize poem, and in 1837 a first-class degree. In 

 1839 he was elected a Fellow of University College 

 and entered holy orders. In 1840 he travelled in 

 the East, and from 1841 to 1851 lived at Oxford 

 and did duty as tutor in his college; in 1845 was 

 appointed select preacher ; in 1851 canon of Canter- 

 bury ; in 1856 professor of Ecclesiastical History, 

 and canon of Christ Church, and in 1863 Dean of 

 Westminster, in succession to Trench, promoted to 

 the archbishopric of Dublin. In 1874 he was 

 elected Lord Rector of the university of St 

 Andrews. A voluminous writer in the periodical 

 press, he was author of the Life of Arnold ( 1844), 

 XI'I-HIOIU and Essays on the Apostolic Age (1847), 

 Memoir of Bishop Stanley ( 1851 ), Commentary on 

 the Epistles to the Corinthians (1855), Memorials 

 of Canterbury (1855), Sinai and Palestine (1856), 

 Historical Memorials of Cambridge ( 1857 ), Lectures 

 on the Eastern Church ( 1861 ), Sermons preached 

 during a Tour in the East ( 1863), Lectures on the 

 Jeivish Church ( 1863-65 ), Memorials of Westminster 



