STEVENS POINT 



STEWART 



725 



Nights (2 vols. 1882) a collection of grotesque 

 romances he opened a new shaft into his wealth 

 of imaginativeness. More important was its next 

 successor, Treasure Island (1883), a complete suc- 

 cess in a literary kind the secret of which seemed 

 to have been lost. Hardly less excellent was 

 Kidnapped (1886) ; but The Master of Ballantrae 

 (1889), The Black Arrow (1888), and The Wrecker 

 (Scribner, 1891-92) fall into lower rank. In 1885 

 appeared Mr Stevenson's delightful collection, 

 A Child's Garden of Verse, which stands almost 

 by itself as an imaginative realisation of the make- 

 believe and dramatising imagination habitual to 

 childhood. Later volumes of verse were the less 

 notable Underwoods (1887) and Ballads (1891), 

 which, always clever, usually fall short of the one 

 thing needful in poetry. The Silverado Squatters 

 dates from 1884, Across the Plains from 1892. The 

 rococo Prince Otto (1885) has been pronounced the 

 crux for testing the true Stevensonian ; the Strange 

 Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ( 1886) compelled 

 the most exacting critics to commend its ingenuity 

 and exquisite art. The Merry Men (1887) is a 

 collection which contains some of his most deli- 

 cate work ; in Memories and Portraits the interest 

 was largely autobiographical. The Island Nights' 

 Entertainments and Catriona (a continuation of 

 Kidnapped) mark the year 1893, The Suicide Club 

 1894. With his wife he wrote The Dynamiter 

 (1885), and with his step-son Lloyd Osbourne he 

 wrote The Wrong Box (1889), The Wrecker (1892), 

 and The Ebb Tide (1894). He defended Father 

 Damien in 1890, and showed his versatility by a 

 memoir of Professor Fleeming Jenkin (1887), his 

 Footnote to History (on Samoan politics, 1892), and 

 his sketches of iiis father and of his forbears. 

 His health had long been shattered, and he died 

 suddenly on 3d Deceml>er 1894, and was buried 

 by his own desire on the top of a mountain behind 

 his Samoan home of Vailima. The Vailima Letters 

 thence (1895) were addressed to Mr Sidney Colvin. 

 At his death lie was the most conspicuous per- 

 sonality in English letters, and he had secured 

 from all classes of readers an exceptional wealth 

 of personal affection. Weir of Hermiston, an un- 

 finished story, appeared in Cosmopolis in 1895; St 

 Ives was published in the Pall Mall Magazine 

 1897. The 'Edinburgh Edition' of his works 

 (1894-98) extends to 27 volumes. See the Life by 

 his literary executor, Mr Sidney Colvin ( 1899). 



See W. Archer in Time for November 1885, Henry 

 James in Partial Portrait! ( 1888 ), and Andrew Lang in 

 Euayt in Little (1890). 



Stevens Point, capital of Portage county, 

 Wisconsin, on the Wisconsin Kiver, 161 miles NW. 

 of Milwaukee. Pop. (1890) 7896. 



Stevenston, an Ayrshire town, f mile inland, 

 and 28 miles SW. of Glasgow. Near it are collieries, 

 ironworks, chemical-works, and Nobel's explosives 

 factory. Pop. ( 1 87 1 ) 3475 ; ( 1 89 1 ) 4263. 



St'villlis, SIMON, mathematician and physicist, 

 was born at Bruges in 1548, held offices under 

 Prince Maurice of Orange, and died in 1620. 



Steward, LORD HIGH, anciently the first officer 

 of the crown in England ( Lat. dapifer, senescallus), 

 whose important functions were soon conferred on 

 the Justiciar. The dignity, thenceforward honorary, 

 was long hereditary in the successive houses of 

 Leicester, but was finally absorbed into the royal 

 dignity by Henry IV. Since that time there has 

 been no permanent Lord Steward, but the office is 

 temporarily revived when occasion requires, a Lord 

 Steward being appointed under the Great Seal pro 

 hoc vice at a coronation or the trial of a peer. When 

 the proceedings are at an end the Lord Steward 

 terminates his commission by breaking his wand of 

 office. 



The Steward or High Steward of Scotland was 

 not only chief of the household, but collected and 

 managed the crown revenues, and took the first 

 place in the army next to the king in battle. 

 The office was conferred by David I. on Walter 

 Fitzalan, the founder of the royal house of Stewart 

 (q.v. ). The accession of Robert, the seventh High 

 Steward, to the throne as Robert II. merged 

 the seneschalship in the crown ; but the estates of 

 the stewards afterwards became the appanage of 

 the king's eldest son, and by act of the Scottish 

 parliament of 1469 the titles of Prince and High 

 Steward of Scotland, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of 

 Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, and Lord o'f the Isles 

 were vested in the eldest son and heir-apparent of 

 the crown of Scotland for ever. ' Great Steward of ' 

 Scotland ' has thus become one of the titles of the 

 Prince of Wales. 



The Lord Steward of the Household, in England, 

 was originally designated the Lord Great Master of 

 the Househofd. He is the head of the ancient court 

 called the Board of Green Cloth (a.v. ), and as such 

 has the control and selection of all the officers and 

 servants of the household, except those belonging to 

 the Chapel, the Chamber, and the Stable, and also 

 appoints the royal tradesmen. He is always sworn 

 a member of the Privy-council, and has precedence 

 of all peers of his own degree. He has no formal 

 grant of office, but receives his charge from the 

 sovereign in person. He holds his appointment 

 during pleasure, and his tenure depends upon the 

 political party to which he belongs ; the salary of 

 the office is 2000. 



Stewart, HOUSE OF. The Norman Alan Fitz- 

 flaald (died c. 1114) got from Henry I. the lands 

 and castle of Oswestry in Shropshire. His elder 

 son, William Fitzalan (c. 1105-J80), remaining in 

 England, became the ancestor of the Earls of 

 Arundel, from whom, through an heiress (1556), 

 that earldom has passed to the Dukes of Norfolk. 

 The second son, Walter (died 1177), coming to 

 Scotland in the service of David I., had large 

 possessions conferred on him in Renfrewshire, 

 Teviotdale, Lauderdale, &c., along with the 

 dignity of Steward of Scotland, which became 

 hereditary in his family, and gave his descendants 

 the surname of Stewart, by some branches modified 

 to Steuart or the French form Stuart. The Fess 

 Checquy ( q. v. ), adopted as the arms of the Stewarts, 

 is emblematical of the chequer of the Steward's 

 board. The connection between the Stewarts and 

 the Fitzalans was shown by Chalmers to have been 

 well known and acknowledged so late as 1336, 

 when Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, for 1000 

 merks surrenderee! to Edward III. his ' hereditary 

 right ' to the Stewardship of Scotland, which was 

 supposed to have reverted to him through the for- 

 feiture of the Scottish line. 



For seven generations the Stewardship descended 

 without a break from father to son. Walter, the 

 grandson of the first Steward, held in addition the 

 office of Justiciary of Scotland, and was one of the 

 ambassadors sent in 1239 to fetch Marie de Couci, 

 second wife of Alexander II. His third son, 

 Walter, called Balloch, by his marriage with the 

 daughter of Maurice, Earl of Menteith, got that 

 earldom, which, by his great-granddaughter, Mar- 

 garet, was conveyed to Robert Stewart, Duke of 

 Albany, son of Robert II. Alexander, fourth 

 Steward ( 1214^83), was regent of Scotland in Alex- 

 ander III. 's minority ; he commanded at the battle 

 of Largs (q.v.) in 1263, and, invading the Isle of 

 Man, annexed it to the Scottish crown. From his 

 second son's marriage with the heiress of Bonkyl 

 sprang the Stewarts of Darnley, Lenox, and 

 Aubigne. James, the fifth Steward (1243-1309), 

 was one of the six regents of Scotland after the 

 death of Alexander III. Walter, the sixth Steward 



