Btt 



SUTTON COLDFIELD 



SUV<5ROFF 



encouraged suttee guilty of cnlpable homicide. 

 The enactment goon told on the custom. The 

 prohibition of suttee in a feature of treaties be- 

 tween the imperial government and the native 

 states ; and though occasional cases of suttee occur 

 in native territory, and rarely within the Briti-li 

 area (on the death of Sir Jung Bahadur, prime, 

 minister of Nepal, in 1877 several of his wives 

 immolate.! t hem-elves), suttee may be said to be 

 practically extinct. 



Slltton ol<lfl<*ld. a municipal borough of 

 Warwickshire, 8 miles NK. of Birmingham l>v rail, 

 with an old Early English church, extended in 

 Henry VIII. 's reign, and a new aisle built in 1880. 

 Henry VIII. granted a charter in 1529, and the 

 manor was entirely transferred to the corporation ; 

 a new charter wan granted in 1885. Agriculture is 

 the chief occupation of the neighbourhood ; the 

 borough is rapidly becoming a residential suburb of 

 Birmingham. The picturesque Sutton Park (3500 

 acres ), belonging to the inhabitants, is a favourite 

 resort of picnic parties. Pop. ( 1891 ) 8685. 



Suf lon-in- tslilicld. a town of Nottingham- 

 shire, 3 mil.-- S\\ . of Mansfield. It has a line 

 church ( 1390 ; restored 1868), hosiery manufactures, 

 and neighbouring coal-pits and lime-works. Pop. 

 ( 1881 ) 8523 ; ( I vi I ) 10,563. 



Slltton-on-Sra, a seaside resort on the coast 

 of Lincolnshire, much frequented by the people of 

 the big towns of Nottingham, York, Lancaster, 

 and Leicester, is 28 miles NE. of Boston bv rail. 

 It has a fine stretch of broad, firm sand, and close 

 by a submerged forest may be seen at low tide. 



Suture (Lat. sutura, 'a seam') is a term em- 

 ployed both in Anatomy and Surgery. In anatomy 

 it is used to designate the modes of connection 

 between the various lumes of the cranium and face. 

 A suture is said to be scrrtitnl when it is formed 

 by the union of two edges of bone with projections 

 and indentations (like the edge of a saw) titling 

 into one another. The coronal, sagittal, and lamb- 

 doidal sutures (see SKULL) are of this kind. A 

 suture is termed .mitamoux when it is formed by 

 the overlapping of the bevelled (or scale-like) edges 

 of two contiguous hones. 



In surgery the word suture is employed to desig- 

 nate various modes of sewing up wounds, so ax to 

 maintain the op|M>sed surfaces in contact. The 

 materials most commonly used are silk, silver wire, 

 horsehair, and specially prepared catgut. As it 

 may fall to the lot of any person, on an emergency, 

 to have to sew up a wound, the following general 

 rules, applicable to all forms of suture, should he 

 attended to. In passing the needle, the edges of 

 the wound should l>e held in contact with the fore- 

 finger and thumb of the left hand ; and the needle 



Fig. 1. 



should penetrate the surface at about an angle of 

 60 ( rather more than half a right angle ), and 

 should, at least, pans through the whole thickness 

 of the skin at each stitch. The distance from 

 the edge of the wound at which earh stitch should 



enter and leave the skin must vary with the depth 



of the wound ; but there should never lie less than 



the eighth of an inch between the margin of the 



wound ainl tin- entrance or exit of the needle. 



Sutures should not include vessels, nerves, muscles, 

 I or tendons. The line of the thread should cross 



that of the wound at right angles. For incised 

 j wounds on the surface of the body, when the 



edges can only be transfixed from the cutaneous 

 I surface, or when the opposite margins can both be 

 i traversed by one plunge, a curved needle (such 

 ! as a common packing-needle) is most convenient, 



whereas a strong straight needle is more convenient 



for the completely free 

 j margins of extensive 



wounds, such as are 



left after amputation. 



Fig. 1 represents vari- 

 ous forms of needles 



used by surgeons ; fig. 



2 shows the twisted 



suture, as used in the 



operation for hare lip, 



in which the wound Fig. 2. 



is transfixed by pins, 



around which, beginning with the uppermost, a 



thread is twisted, in the form of the figure 8. 



Suvalky (Smtealki), a Polish town, capital of 

 a Russian government, 48 miles N\V. of Grodno. 

 Pop. 19,367. For the area and population of the 

 government, see RUSSIA. 



Snvdroff, or SUWARROW, ALEXANDER VASILIE- 

 VITCH, a Russian general, was born at Moscow on 

 24th November 1729, his father, of Swedish descent, 

 being a general and senator. Small of stature and 

 sickly in appearance, Alexander was a devoted 

 student, and whilst still a l>ov acquired an excellent 

 knowledge of languages; but his heart was (ired 

 with the passion of military glory, Ciesar and 

 Charles XII. of Sweden being the heroes of his 

 imagination. He entered the army as a private 

 when seventeen, but advanced rapidly in rank 

 after the Seven Years' War, in which "he greatly 

 distinguished himself at Kunersdorf (1759) and 

 Reichenbach (1761), and after the Polish war of 

 1768-71, in which his impetuous bravery, and the 

 boldness and celerity of his attack, brought him 

 prominently forward. From this time to the end 

 of his life he was almost constantly in the field. 

 In 1773 he passed from Poland to the south of 

 Russia to war against the Turks ; in 1774 he put 

 an end to the insurrection of Pugatcheff; anil in 

 1780 he crushed the revolt of the Kuban Tartars 

 and other Caucasian tribes. He coveted himself 

 with glory in the Second Turkish War, defeating 

 the armies of the sultan at Fokshani (1789) and 

 at the river Kyninik, and storming the strong 

 fortress of Ismail. In the Polish war of 1794 

 Suv6roff captured Praga, and so compelled the 

 surrender of Warsaw. On the accession of the 

 Emperor Paul he was for a time sent into retire- 

 ment ; but shortly afterwards Paul recalled him 

 and ordered him (1799) to Italv to assist the 

 Austrians in opposing the Frencn. As usual he 

 won battles, defeating Moreau on the Adda, Mac- 

 donald at the Trebbia, and Joubert at Novi. Then 

 he was directed to cross the Alps and unite his 

 forces with Korsakoff for the purpose of sweeping 

 the French out of Switzerland. After a terrible 

 march, with fearful sufferings and heavy losses, 

 he found, on descending towards the canton of 

 Schwyz, that Massena had defeated Korsakoff, 

 and being himself too weak to attack he barely 

 managed to escape over the mountains into Austria. 

 On his return to Russia he was overtaken by death 

 at St Petersburg on 18th May 1800. Suv6roff was 

 a little man (5 feet 4 inches), with a wrinkled 



