BM 



SWAN- 



SWANSEA 



gracefully curved. The eye U red. The bill is 

 Mvid carmine, with a white cross band. It' has 

 1-een entirely acclimatised in the northern hemi- 

 sphere. Tlie black-neoke<l Swan (C. nigrirollis), 

 l-rhaps the liandsomest bird of the genus, is a 



Fig. 2. Black Swan (Cyynut atralut). 



South American species, ranging from Chili to 

 the Falkland Islands. The Duck-billed Swan (C. 

 anatoides), the smallest of all the species, common 

 about the Strait of Magellan, has the head and 

 neck dark brown, and the rest of the plumage of 

 the purest white. It is curious that the black 

 colour appears in all the species of the southern 

 hemisphere, and in them alone, except in the ap- 

 proach to it made in the cygnets of the north. 



Swans, in-cording to the law of England. arc 

 birds-royal. When they are found in a partially 

 wild state, on the sea and navigable rivers, they 

 are presumed to belong to the crown. The royal 

 birds generally have a ' nick ' or mark on them, and 

 the king's swanhenl once wasan important IHTSUII. 

 But any person may have tame swans in his grounds, 

 and then he has a property in the in. Whoever steals 

 or destroys swans' eggs forfeits 5s. for every egg, 

 and whoever steals a marked swan of the crown, 

 oratame swan, commits felony. Tim most famous 

 swannery is that of Abbotsbury in Dorsetshire, s 

 miles N\V. <>f Wi-ymouth, Uxmgh the number of 

 its swans has diminished from 7000 to 1000. 



Swan, ASXIE 8. (MRS BURNETT SMITH), 

 daughter of a farmer at Gorebridge near Edinburgh, 

 has been a prolific writer of tales and magazine 

 stories, and edits The Woman at Home. Among 

 her books may be mentioned Up* and Downs 

 ( 1878), Aldersyde, Carlowrie, Gates of Eden, Mait- 

 land o/Lauruton, A Lost Ideal, A Divided House, 

 Elizabeth Glen, The Curie ofCowden, The Ne'er-do- 

 weel ( 1897), Not Yet ( 1898). 



Swan, JOSEPH WILSON, F.R.S., was born in 

 Sunderland, 31st October 1828. Best known as the 

 inventor of the incandescent electric lamp bearing 

 his name, he was also an influential worker in 

 photography. The carbon or autotype process, the 



dry-plate process, the Woodbury type process ( with 

 Mr Woodbury), and other photographic methods 

 owe much tohis inventive genius. He also devised 

 ;i miner's electric safety-lamp. He was president. 

 of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 1898-99. 



Swanatfe, a pleasant little watering-place of 

 Dorsetshire, in the 'Isle' of Purbeck, nestling in 

 the southern curve of a lovely bay, 9J miles SE. of 

 Wan-ham, but 11 by rail (1885). In Swanage 

 Buy, in 877, King Alfred won England's first naval 

 victory a defeat of the Danes. Pop. of parish, 

 .'1174. S.-,- I'riMtKCK, and Braye's Siranage ( 1890). 



Swanec River. See SUWANKK. 



Swam- 1 ia. See CAUCASUS. 



Swan River. See WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 



Swansea (Welsh Aberlnn-e), a seaport of 

 (Glamorganshire, South Wales, on the banks and 

 at tin; mouth of the river Tawe, 45 miles WNW. of 

 Cardiff and 216 W. of London. A municipal, par- 

 liamentary, and also (since 1888) county borough, 

 it owes its rapid progress after 1850 to the maim 

 facture of tin-plate here and in the neighbourhood, 

 and to its harbour and docks (of over sixty acres). 

 ( 'wing to the abundance of fuel from the coal-pita 

 in the district, there is a large manufacture of iron, 

 zinc, lead, copper, tin, &c. The tin-plate prepared 

 in and near Swansea is estimated at about tw,. 

 thirds of the total product of Great Britain. Much 

 copper is made, mostly from foreign ore. In 1897 

 the total number of steam and sailing ships 

 cleared from the port was 5756, with a tonnage of 

 1,5.V2,609. In 1890 the total exjH.rts wen- valued 

 at 4,953,635, while in 1897 the total value was 

 3,394,384, the difference being chiefly due to the 

 reduction mainly owing to the McKinley tariff in 

 the United States in the export of iron manu- 

 factures (including tin-plate), 203,638 tons in 1890, 

 174,766 tons in 1897; cotton manufactures. l,'.tt(i,400 

 yards in 1890, 64,700 yards in IS',17 : copper ami its 

 manufactures, 278,028 cwt. in 1890, 150,01X1 cwt. in 

 1897. The other principal exports are coals and 

 fuel and chemical manufactures. In 1897 the total 

 imports were valued at 2,835,245, including corn, 

 copper ore, iron ore, petroleum, sugar, potatoes, 

 onions (26,790 bushels), and wood. Pop. of muni- 

 cipal borough ( 1851 ) 31,461 ; ( 1881 ) 65,597 ; ( 1891 ) 

 90,349. Since 1885 Swansea returns two members 

 to parliament, one for the district division (Alier- 

 avon, Ketifig, Loughor, and Neath). The charter 

 dates from trie days of John and Henry 1 1 1. The 

 rustle, of which a tower still remains, was founded 

 in 1099 by the Earl of Warwick, but in the reign of 

 Kdward IV. passed by marriage from the Herberto 

 to the Somerset family, and is still the pro|x-rty of 

 the Dukes of Beaufort. The Koyal Institute of 

 South Wales contains a library, art gallery, and 

 museum with an Egyptian collection. Swansea 

 has also a Free Library and Institute of Science 

 and Art. The grammar-school dates from 1682. 



See worlre by L. W. Dillwyn (1848), G. O. Fmncie 

 (184SM>7), P. Roger* (1878), L. C. Martin (1879), and 

 F. Grant ( 1881 ), and the article* COPPER and TIN. 



KND OF VOL. 



