ZOOLOGY. 



chiefly on vegetable substances. They are found 

 in troops in the vast forests in South America, 

 climbing amongst the trees. The largest of them 

 are the Myceti, or Howling Monkeys, which derive 

 their tremendous powers of voice from a sort of 

 hollow drum connected with the larynx, which is 

 peculiar to them amongst the Cebidas. Humboldt 

 says that the noise so produced can be heard at 

 the distance of nearly a mile. They are shaggy . 

 animals about the size of a fox. The A teles, or 

 Spider Monkeys remarkable for the length of their 

 prehensile tails, and for the absence of thumbs in 

 the anterior extremities the Capucin Monkey 

 (Cebus), and the Squirrel Monkey (Callithmi), all 

 belong to this family. 



Section (C). Catarhina, or Old- World Monkeys. 

 This is the highest section of the Quadrumana, 

 and the animals composing it are entirely con- 

 fined to the Old World. The nostrils are oblique, 

 and placed close together. The thumbs of all the 

 feet are well developed and opposable, except in 

 the genus Colobus, in which the anterior thumbs 

 are absent. The number of teeth is the same 

 as in man, but they are in an uneven series, 

 interrupted by an interval. The canines, espe- 

 cially in the males, are long and pointed. The 

 tail is never prehensile, and is sometimes absent. 

 They have natal callosities, or hard spots on their 

 haunches destitute of hair. Cheek-pouches are 

 often present. They are all natives of Asia or 

 Africa, except the monkey inhabiting the rock of 

 Gibraltar. They are divided into three groups : 



Group I. The Long-tailed Monkeys, in which 

 the tail is long, and there are both callosities 

 and cheek-pouches, including the genus Semno- 

 pithecus, of which S. entellus, or Sacred Monkey 

 of the Hindus, is the one best known. It is 

 considered a capital crime to kill one of these 

 monkeys. In the genus Colobus alone, the thumb 

 of the fore-foot is absent. The species of the 

 genus Macacus, which have a short tail (Macaque), 

 are found in Asia and Africa ; but one, the M. 

 Inuus, or Barbary Ape, is found on the Rock of 

 Gibraltar, and it is the only wild monkey in 

 Europe. 



Group 2, including the Baboons (Cynocephalus 

 and Papios), in which the tail is short, the 

 muzzle protuberant, and the aspect ferocious. 

 The canine teeth are generally large and strong. 



Mandrill or Rib-nosed Baboon (Papio Mormon). 



The callosities are of great size, and usually 

 adorned with some bright colour. The Baboons 



have a large bag connected with the larynx, by 

 the resonance of which the power of their loud 

 and discordant cries is greatly increased. They 

 can run upon all-fours with great ease. They all 

 inhabit Africa, and one of them, the Mandrill 

 (Papio Mormon), is a ferocious-looking animal, 

 about the height of a man, and distinguished from 

 other baboons by a ridge on its cheek, which is 

 covered with a naked skin of a bright-blue colour. 

 In the Drill (P. leucophcea), this ridge is black. 



Group 3, containing the Anthropoid or An- 

 thropomorphous Apes, or those which approach 

 most nearly in their structure to man. These 

 apes are distinguished by the absence of a tail 

 and cheek-pouches the callosities are sometimes 

 absent also and by the predominance in length 

 of the fore-arms over the hinder ones. The 

 thumbs of the hind-limbs are opposable, and the 

 animal can assume a semi-erect attitude. 



In the Gibbons, or Long-armed Apes (ffylobates), 

 which are the smallest and slenderest of the man- 

 like apes, the arms are so long that they touch the 

 ground when the animal is in a semi-erect attitude. 

 In this genus, callosities are present. The best 

 known is the H. syndactylus, or Siamang, and there 

 is pretty good evidence that it assumes the erect 

 position. Several species are found in Asia, Java, 

 Borneo, &c. In the Orang (Simia satyrus), the 

 haunches are covered with hair, and there are 

 neither callosities nor cheek-pouches. The arms 

 are excessively long, reaching below the knee 

 when the animal is erect. There is a remark- 

 able difference between the young and the adult 

 form of the skull the young bearing the greatest 

 resemblance to that of man, whilst in the adult 

 the muzzle is so much prolonged, and the can- 

 ine teeth are so much developed, as to give the 

 face much more the aspect of that of the baboon. 

 It is more sluggish in its movements than the 

 active and agile Gibbons. It is about four feet in 



Gorilla ( Troglodytes Gorilla). 



height, and clothed with a reddish-brown fur. It 

 is confined to Borneo and Sumatra, where it 



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