CHAMBERS'S INFORMATION FOR THE PEOPLE. 



Cathedral ; Kelso and Jedburgh abbeys, &c. But 

 these buildings are not copies of those of Nor- 

 mandy. The English have always, in adopting 

 styles, given them a national impress. The pointed 

 Gothic was introduced by William of Sens about 

 1174, who superintended the building of Canter- 

 bury Cathedral. The English architects soon 

 began to follow out a pointed style of their own. 

 They borrowed much from France, and worked it 

 out in their own way, forming what is now called 

 the Early English style. The differences between 



Fig. 28. Salisbury Cathedral 



termination of a French cathedral or church is 

 invariably circular or apsidal, a form derived from 

 the tomb-house or baptistery, which, in early 

 Christian times, was built separately, and after- 

 wards incorporated with the cathedral. The 

 English cathedral, on the contrary, has almost 

 always a square eastern end. 



The French transepts have almost no projection; 

 the English ones have great projection, Salisbury 

 and Canterbury having two transepts. The French 

 cathedrals are short, and very lofty ; the English, 

 long and comparatively low. The French build- 

 ings are perhaps the most aspiring ; the English, 

 the most finished and picturesque. 



The Gothic architecture of England is usually 

 divided into the following periods : first, the Pointed 



474 



the Early Gothic of France and England extend to 

 almost every detail. The mouldings, bases, caps, 

 pinnacles, and foliage of the latter are all impressed 

 with the Early English feeling. In France, the 

 feeling of the Early Gothic is one of unrest, a con- 

 stant struggle forward. In England, the effort for 

 progress is not so marked that of carefulness 

 and completeness prevails. In the plans of the 

 cathedrals the differences are marked (see figs. 28 

 and 29), as the accompanying plans of the cathe- 

 drals of Salisbury and Amiens shew. The eastern 



Fig. 29. Amiens Cathedral. 



style, which superseded the round Norman style 

 about 1 1 75. Its first or ' Early English ' develop- 

 ment lasted till about 1275, when the 'Decorated' 

 or perfected style was introduced. This style also 

 lasted for about a century, and Avas superseded by 

 the late pointed or ' Perpendicular ' style, lasting 

 till about 1483. After this came the last phase 

 of Gothic, called the Tudor or Fan-tracery style, 

 which was finally superseded by the Classic 

 Renaissance. Of these periods it is impossible 

 here to giye a minute account. The simple 

 lancet or pointed windows of the Early English 

 period were superseded by the larger openings 

 of the Decorated period, filled with geometric 

 tracery (fig. 30). In the Perpendicular period 

 the tracery becomes composed of upright lines 



