INDEX. 



Kipper, kippering, a term applied to salmon, her- 

 rings, and other red fish when salted and dried, 

 748. 



Kitchen arrangements in connection with food, 



753- 

 KITCHEN-GARDEN, 545-560; choice, situation, 



and laying-out of gardens, 560, 561. 

 Knee-breeches, in dress, 797. 

 Knots, nautical miles, 461. 

 Knots of the Andes, in Physical Geography, 56. 

 Koyunjik, palace of, 468. 



Labiatae, order in Botany, 104. 



Labium, lower lip, in Insecta, 145. 



Labridae, rock-fish tribe, 158. 



Labyrinthodon, fossil reptile, 29. 



Lac, 344. 



Lacertidas, the Lizards, 165. 



Lachrymal apparatus, in Human Physiology, 126. 



Lacteal vessels, in Animal Physiology, 116, 117. 



Lacustrine (Lat. locus, of or belonging to a lake), 

 67. 



Lagoon (Lat. lacuna, a morass), a term originally 

 applied to those creeks and pools which abound 

 along the coast of the upper Adriatic ; but now 

 employed to designate all similar collections of 

 water, in whatever region they occur, 58. 



Lakes, colouring-matter, 342. 



Lakes, in Physical Geography, 52. 



Lamb, as food, 745, 758. 



Lamellibranchiata, class, in Zoology, 151. 



Laminae, in Geology, 18. 



Lammergeyer, the Bearded Vulture, 176. 



Lampblack, 322, 340. 



Lamprey (M arsipobranchit), 156. 



Lamps, as a mode of lighting, 491 ; anucapnic 

 lamp, 492. 



Lampshells, class Brachiopoda, in Zoology, 151. 



Lancelet, in Zoology, 156. 



Landrail or corncrake, family Rallus, in Zoology, 

 170. 



Laniadae (Shrikes), in Ornithology, 174. 



Lanthanum, a metallic element, 315. 



Lapis-lazuli, 395. 



Lapis-ollaris, or potstone, in Mineralogy, 395. 



Lapwing (Vanellus cristatus), 170. 



Larch, growth and culture of, 596. 



Lard, preparation and importance of, 746. 



Larks, in Zoology, 174 ; as cage-birds, 671. 



Larva or caterpillar, in insect metamorphoses, 146. 



Laryngoscope, 772. 



Larynx, 120, 772. 



Latex, in Vegetable Physiology, 70. 



Latitude and longitude defined, 2, 52, 461. 



Lauraceae, the Laurel tribe, 105. 



Laurentian system, 24. 



Lava, in Geology, 18 ; in Useful Minerals, 396. 



Lead, in Chemistry, 330 ; in Metallurgy, 411. 



Lead-pipes, deleterious effects of upon water, 501. 



Leases and rents of farms, nature and duration of, 



Leather, various sorts, manufacture of, 347. 



Leaves, their various forms and functions, 73. 



Leeches, in Zoology, 141. 



Leeks, nature and culture of, 554. 



Leguminosae, leguminous or pod-bearing plants,94. 



Leistering, or salmon-spearing, 704. 



Lemon. See the Jussieuian order, Citron-worts, 92. 



Lemonade, 751. 



Lemurs, order Quadrumana, in Zoology, 190. 



Lenses, varieties of, in Optics, 245. 



Lentil, nature and cultivation of, 552. 



Lepidodendron t 27. 



Lepidoptera (Gr. Upis, a scale, pttroH, a wing), 

 order in Entomology, 147. 



Leporidae family, hare and rabbit, 187. 



Lettuce, nature and culture of, 558. 



Level, true and apparent, 230 ; spirit-level, 230, 



Levers, simple, compound, bent, 209-213. 



Levulose, term in Chemistry, 334. 



Leyden jar and battery, in Electricity, 266. 



Lias (corruption of layers), 29. 



Libellulidae (dragon-flies), order Neuroptera, 147. 



Lichens, section of the Cryptogamia or flowerless 

 order of plants, in. 



Lieberkuhnian glands, in Human Physiology, i id 



Liebig's extract of beef, 744. 



Life, in Zoology, 129. 



Life-boats, use of, in shipwreck, 231, 463. 



Life-preservers or buoyants, 231, 463. 



LIGHT AND SOUND, 241-256. 



Light essential to vegetable development, 66; 

 theories respecting the nature of, 241 ; velocity 

 of, 241 ; intensity of, 242 ; refraction of, 243 ; 

 reflection of, 242 ; double refraction of, 252 ; 

 interference of, 252 ; polarised, 252. 



Light-houses, in Navigation, 462. 



LIGHTING, economical modes of, 491-496. 



Liliaceae, one of the natural orders in Botany, 109. 



Lily, in Botany, 109 ; in Floriculture, 566. 



Lime as a manure, 517 ; chemical nature of, 328. 



Lime, base in Chemistry, 307. 



Lime-ball light, or Drummond light, in Lighting, 

 496. 



Limestone, in Geology, 17, 29 ; limestone eco- 

 nomically considered, 390 ; as marble, 390. 



Lime-tree, character and cultivation of, 600. 



Limpet family (Patellida), in Zoology, 152. 



Linaceae, the flax-tribe or Flaxworts, 94. 



Linen, manufacture of, 369-372. 



Linen clothing, hygienic properties of, 786. 



Lingula, class Brachiopoda, in Zoology, 151. 



Linnaean system, in Botany, described, 82. 



Linnets, treatment of, as cage-birds, 672. 



Linoleine, a glyceride, 335. 



Lint (Lat. linteum\ 369. 



Lion, Felufa or Cat tribe, in Zoology, 186. 



Liquation, process of, in smelting tin, 413. 



Liquids, mobility of the particles of, 22$. 



Lithium, the metallic base of the earth lithia, 327. 



Litmus, a test in Chemistry. 307. 



Litter, a brood ; littering of the pig, 659, 



Liver, 121, 775. 



Liveries, when used, 792. 



Lizards, family of, in Zoology, 164-166. 



Llamas, as a beast of burden, 433; family 

 Camelidae, in Zoology, 182. 



Llanos of the Orinoco, in Physical Geography, 



54 59- 



Lloyd's, in Maritime Conveyance, 453. 



Loadstone, or lodestone from the Saxon UtJa*, 

 to lead ; so called from other pieces of iron 

 being led or attracted towards it, or from it* 

 leading or pointing towards the north pole. 

 See MAGNETISM, 257. 



Loam and loamy soils, nature of, 516. 



Lobster, in Zoology, 143 ; nshery, 713. 

 | Locomotives, 445. 



Locusts, in Zoology, 146. 



Lode, 401. 



Log and log-book, in Navigation, 460. 



Loganiaceas, order in Botany, 102, 



