INDEX. 



Pastes, or artificial gems, 365. 

 Pastry, in Dietetics, 739. 



Peach, character and cultivation of, 583. 

 Peacock, family Phasianidae, in Zoology, 171. 



Pea-fowl, domesticated, 669. 



Pear, the, varieties and cultivation of, 581. 



Peas, field, 526; garden, 550; in Dietary, 741. 



Peat, or turf, 24, 32. 



Pediment, in Grecian Architecture, 470. 



Peduncle, in Vegetable Physiology, 74. 



Pelasgian Architecture, 468. 



Pelican family (PelicanidcE\ in Zoology, 168. 



Pendulum (Lat. pendo, I hang), laws of, 202 ; in 

 Horology, 296. 



Penguin, Alcidas family, in Zoology, 167. 



Peninsula, in Physical Geography, 52. 



Pennatula, or sea-pen, in Zoology, 138. 



Penumbra, in Astronomy, 5. 



Perch tribe (Percidce), in Zoology, 158. 



Percussion-caps, principles of construction, 352. 



Perennials for the flower-garden, 565-568. 



Pericarditis, treatment of, 771. 



Pericardium, the membrane inclosing the heart, 

 118,771. 



Pericranium, the membrane inclosing the skull. 



Perigee, in Astronomy, 10. 



Perihelion, in Astronomy, 8. 



Perilymph, a fluid of the ear, 127. 



Perissodactyla, section in Zoology, 180. 



Peristaltic motion, in Physiology, 116. 



Periwinkle, 152, 713, 715. 



Permian System, in Geology, 28. 



Perpendicular style, in Architecture, 474. 



Perry, a fermented liquor made from pears, in the 

 same manner as cider from apples, 351. 



Persepolis, ruins of, 468. 



Perspiration, process of, 727. 



Perturbations, in Astronomy, described, 14. 



Petrels, genus Procellaria, in Ornithology, 168. 



Petroleum, its natural history and uses, 388. 



Phanerogamia (Gr. phaneros, manifest, andtfOMMff, 

 marriage), the term applied by Linnaeus to flower- 

 ing plants, 82. 



Pharynx, in Human Physiology, 1 14. 



Phase (Gr. phasis, an appearance), in Astronomy, 

 ii. 



Phasianidae (Pheasant or Fowl family), 171. 



Pheasant-shooting as a field-sport, 697. 



Phlebitis, treatment of, 772. 



Phlebotomy (Gr. phlebs, a vein, temno, I cut), the 

 operation of bleeding or opening a vein, 781. 



Phlox, in Floriculture, 568. 



Pholas, a genus of boring shell-fish, in Zoology, 152. 



Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax, 109. 



Phosphate of lime, 326. 



Phosphorescence, a luminousness emitted by 

 certain bodies, animal and vegetable, but un- 

 accompanied by heat, 150. 



Phosphoric manures, in Agriculture, 527. 



Phosphorus, one of the chemical elements, 326. 



Photometer (Gr. phos, photos, light, and metron, 

 a measure), an instrument for measuring the 

 intensity or degree of light, 242. 



Photosphere, in Astronomy, 6. 



Phthisis, or consumption, treatment of, 774. 



Physalia, order Siphonophora, 136. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, 49-64. 



Physics (physis, nature), a science defined, 193. 



Physiology, a term confined to that branch of 

 physics which treats of the functions and prop- 

 erties of living bodies, animal and vegetable, 130. 

 52 



Pickles, how to make, in Cookery, 762. 

 Picotees, a variety of the carnation, 565. 

 Pies and tarts, in Cookery, 764 ; meat-pies, 760. 

 I igeons, in Zoology, 172 ; how to keep, 671. 



or paints ' 34 + 



PIGS, RABBITS, POULTRY, CAGE-BIRDS, 657-672. 



domesticated, various breeds of, management 



of, 657-660; selection of breeding-pigs, pie- 



houses, 679. 



Pike, in Zoology, 157 ; in Angling, 702. 

 Pilasters, square or flat columns, in Architecture. 



470. 

 Pilchard, in Zoology, 157; pilchard-fishing, de- 



scription of, 709. 

 Piles, or haemorrhoids, 771. 

 Pinchbeck, in Metallurgy, an alloy containing 



three parts of zinc and four of copper, 405. 

 Pines, varieties, growth and culture of, 595. 

 Pins, when introduced, 794. 

 Pipeclay, a white argillaceous earth, 393. 

 Pipings, propagation by, in Horticulture, 564. 

 Pistil, the female organ of flowers, 74. 

 Piston, in Steam-engine, 426. 

 Placentalia, section in Geology, 178. 

 Placoids, Placoidians (Gr. plax, a broad plate), one 



of the four great orders into which Professor 



Agassiz divides the class Fishes, 161. 

 Plains and valleys, in Physical Geography, 52, 59. 

 Plains of the Amazon, 54, 59. 

 Plane, the inclined, in Mechanics, 214. 

 Planetariums or orreries, 295. 

 Planets, primary and secondary, 3. 

 Plantations, ornamental, 600 ; forest-planting, 601. 

 Plantigrade, a zoological term for those carnivora 



which walk on the entire foot, 185. 

 Planting and transplanting of trees, 601-606. 

 Plants, ultimate and proximate constitution of, 



65, 336 ; geographical distribution of, 67 ; struc- 



ture of, simple and compound organs, 68-70; 



irritability and spontaneous movements in, 77 ; 



colours and colouring-matter in, 78 ; fragrance 



of, 78 ; tastes of, classified, 80. 

 Plaster, in Fictile Manufactures, 366. 

 Plaster of Paris, 366, 392. 

 Plastron in Chelonia, in Zoology, 163. 

 Plateaux or table-lands, in Physical Geography, 57. 

 Platinum, in Chemistry, 327 ; in Metallurgy, 416. 

 Plectognathi, one of Cuvier's orders of fishes, 160. 

 Plesiosaurus (Gr. plesion, near to, and saitnts, a 



lizard), a remarkable fossil reptile of the Second* 



ary period, 166. 

 Pleura, 120, 774. 



Pleurenchyma (woody tissue), 70. 

 Pleurisy, treatment of, 774, 

 PleuronecticL-e (flat-fish or flounder tnbc), 157; 



in Fisheries, 711. 

 Ploughs and ploughing, 519-5:1. 

 Plover tribe, order Grallatores, in Zoology, 170. 

 Plums, character and cultivation of, 585. 

 PNEUMATICS, 236-240. 

 Pneumonia, treatment of, 774. 

 Pointed style, in Architecture, 474. 

 Pointer-dog, varieties of, 692. 

 Poison, antidotes for, in Surgery, 782. 

 Polarisation of light, 252. 

 Pole, in Astronomy, I ; in Geography, 51 ; in 



Magnetism, 258. 

 Pollen described, 74. 

 Polyanthus, nature and culture of, 567. 

 Polypes, in Zoology, rj7. 



