INDEX. 



Respiration of plants, 65. 



Retina, description and function of, 125. 



Retorts, for gas-making, 494. 



Retting, operation of, in flax-dressing, 369. 



Rhea (American ostrich), 170. 



Rheumatism, how produced, 779. 



Rhinoceros (Gr. rhin, the nose, keras, a horn), 



1 80. 



Rhizoma, rhizome or root-stock, 1 1 1. 

 Rhizopoda, class, in Zoology, 132. 

 Rhodium, in Metallurgy, 416. 

 Rhubarb, nature and culture of, 558. 

 Rice, 740, 764. 



Riding, as an art, 624 ; as an exercise, 728. 

 Rippling, process of, in flax-dressing, 369. 

 Rivers, supply of water, 493 ; physical character 



of, 62 ; their effects geologically considered, 21, 



233- 



Roach and roach-fishing, 701. 

 Roads, 437 ; Roman, 437 ; Macadam's and 



Telford's systems, 438 ; law of the road, 439. 

 Roasting, in Cookery, 753, 758. 

 Rockeries, rock-work, in gardens, 574. 

 Rock-crystal, 394. 



Rocket, the, prize steam-engine, 430. 

 Rocking-stone, Fall River, figured, 32. 

 Rock-salt, 29 ; mining and economical value of, 



396. 

 Rocks, aqueous and igneous, 18 ; systems and 



groups of, 23-32 ; table of British rock-forma- 

 tions, &c. 24. 

 Rodentia (Lat. rodens, gnawing), order in Zoology, 



187. 



Roman architecture, 471. 

 Roman cement, 366. 

 Roman era, in Chronology, 294. 

 Romanesque architecture, 472. 

 Romanesque style, in Architecture, 472. 

 Roots, their functions, forms, 71. 

 Rosaceae, Roseworts, or Rosaceous plants, 95, 568. 

 Rosaniline, colouring-matter, 340. 

 Rosemary and lavender, nature and culture of, 



556. 



Rot, the, disease in sheep, 650. 

 Rotary engines, 429. 

 Rotation of crops, 66, 532. 

 Rotten-stone, natural history and composition of, 



396. 



Rubiaceae, order in Botany, 99. 

 Rubidium, in Chemistry, 327. 

 Ruby, varieties of, 400. 

 Rudder, 451. 



Ruff, origin and introduction of in dress, 795. 

 Ruffles, in dress, 797. 

 Ruffs, in dress, 794. 

 Rum, 752. 

 Ruminantia (Lat. rumtno, I chew over again), 



order in Zoology, 181. 

 Running, as an exercise, 728. 

 Russia leather, in Applied Chemistry, 347. 

 Ruthenium, a metallic element, 315. 

 Rye, in Agriculture, 529 ; in Dietary, 740. 



Safety-lamp, principles and construction of, 388. 

 Safety-valve, principles and construction of, 422, 



426. 



Sago, manufacture and dietetic uses of, 741. 

 Sailing-vessels, 452. 

 Sails, technical varieties, in Maritime Conveyance, 



451. 

 Salads, in Gardening, 555. 



Salamanders, in Zoology, 162. 



Salisbury Cathedral, 474. 



Saliva, 1 14, 723.^ 



Salmon, in Zoology, 1 57 ; experiments on the 



young of, 713 ; rod-fishing for, 704 ; net-fisheries, 



712 ; various modes of curing, 708. 

 Salt-manufacture, 396 ; dietetic value, 749. 

 Saltpetre (nitrates of potash and soda), uses of, 



397- 

 Salt-radicals, 307 ; how produced, 313 ; halogens, 



Salts, 307 ; how produced, 308 ; nomenclature of, 

 308; neutral, basic, and double salts, 309; 

 action of salts upon salts, 310; action of salts 

 upon metals, 312 ; acid salts, 309 ; new nomen- 

 clature of salts, 313. 



Sand, 395 ; sandstone, varieties and uses of, 394, 



Sandal-wood, 342. 



Sand-glasses, in Horology, 295. 



Sanguification, in Human Physiology, 117. 



Sanitary improvements, effects of, in towns, 735. 



Sans-culottes, form of dress, 798. 



Sapindaceae, order in Botany, 93. 



Sapphire, precious stone, 400. 



Saracenic architecture, 475. 



Sarcode or protoplasm, in Zoology, 132. 



Satellites, or secondary planets, 3. 



Saturn, the most remarkable of all the planets, 7. 



Sauces, in Cookery, 761. 



Sauroid animals, 30. 



Sauropsida, Huxley's group of Reptiles and Birds, 



'55- 



Savoy, a garden variety of winter-cabbage, 550. 



Saxifragaceae, order in Botany, 98. 



Scab, disease in sheep, 654. 



Scagliola, an Italian composition, 366. 



Scala vestibuli, tympani, parts of ear, 128. 



Scalds, treatment of, in Surgery, 781. 



Scansores (Lat scanJo, I climb;, Climbing-birds, 

 172. 



Scarabncus, or Ateuchus sacer, the sacred beetle 

 of Egypt, 149, 



Schcele's green, colour used by painters, &c. 415. 



Schist (Gr. scAisma, a splitting or division , ap- 

 plied to rocks easily split up into slaty-like 

 plates or divisions, as mica schist, 23. 



School, or shoal of whales, 7 1 8. 



Schooner, in naval architecture, 452. 



Scomberidae (the Mackerel tribe), in Zoology, 

 159; in Fishery, 713. 



Scoria, 1 8. 



Scorpionidae (Scorpions), in Zoology, 144- 



Scotch kale and German greens, in Horticulture, 



55- 



Screw, as a mechanical power, 215. 

 Screw-propeller, in steam navigation, 457. 

 Scrophulariaccae, order in BoUny, 103. 

 Scurvy, treatment of, 779. 

 Sea, degrading action of, upon the land, 21. 

 Sea-horse, the Hippocampus, in Zoology, i6a 

 Sea-kale, nature and culture of, 559. 

 Seal, in Zoology, 184 ; seal-fishing, 720. 

 Seas, in Physical Geography, 54, 59- 

 Sea-slugs (Ophistkobr&Htkiata)* 1 5 \ 

 Seasons, the, explained and illustrated, 9. 

 Secretion and Lxcretion, 79, 121. 

 Sections, in Geology, 19. 

 Sediment, sedimentary-, 20. 

 Sedimentary rocks, 20. 

 Seed, propagation by, in Horticulture, 563. 

 Seed, seed-vessels, in Vegetable Physiology, 75- 



