ENGLAND AND WALES. 



520 feet long, which is longer than any other 

 English cathedral, except those of Ely, 560 feet, 

 id Canterbury, 525 feet. Its breadth at the 

 nanseptsis 208 feet ; the length of the nave is 351 

 feet ; its height 86 feet ; and the low central Nor- 

 lan tower is 150 feet high. The exterior is some- 

 what disappointing ; but the interior is magnifi- 

 cent, and contains many objects of great interest. 

 There is the tomb of William Rufus ; the golden 

 irine of St Swithin which famous saint was 

 jishop of Winchester the tomb of Edmund, the 

 an of King Alfred ; and the tomb of Izaak Walton. 

 The noteworthy architectural styles are : Early 

 lorman in the crypt and transepts ; Early Eng- 

 lish in the eastern aisles and chapels behind the 

 resbytery ; and Perpendicular in the nave, which 

 jr beauty and grandeur is only rivalled by York, 

 ssides the cathedral, there are some churches of 

 iterest in the Transition, Norman, and Perpen- 

 iicular styles. 



Canterbury, the seat of the metropolitan see 

 all England, is situated on the river Stour. 

 It is 8 1 miles from London by the South-eastern 

 lilway, and about 60 by the London, Chatham, 

 id Dover. Population in 1881, 21,704. The 

 jlory of Canterbury is its cathedral. When St 

 Uigustine became archbishop of Canterbury, 597 

 he consecrated, under the name Christ's 

 Church, a church said to have been formerly used 

 Roman Christians. Cuthbert, the eleventh 

 irchbishop, 740 A.D. added a church to the east 

 this. Among those who helped to repair, en- 

 rge, and rebuild it, were Archbishops Odo (940 

 .D.), Lanfranc (1070), and Anselm (1093). In 

 1174 the chpir was destroyed by fire, and to 

 ebuild it, a number of French and English artifi- 

 ers were summoned. Among the former was 

 William of Sens, and to him, a man of real 

 3, the work was intrusted. The church was 

 rich in relics : Plegemund had brought hither 

 body of the martyr Blasius from Rome ; 

 icre were the relics of St Wilfred, St Dunstan, 

 id St Elfege ; the murder of Thomas Becket 

 id recently added a still more popular name to 

 ic list of martyrs. The offerings at these shrines, 

 specially the last, contributed to defray the ex- 

 :nses of the work. William of Sens did not, how- 

 sver, live to see its completion. He was succeeded 

 ay another William, an Englishman, and to him 

 ve owe the completion of the existing unique and 

 sautiful choir, terminated by the corona or cir- 

 ilar chapel called Becket's Crown. Gervasius, 

 monk, who witnessed the fire of 1174, tells us 

 lat the parts of Lanfranc's church which re- 

 lained in his time were the nave, the central 

 id western towers, the western transepts, and 

 icir eastern chapels. In the I4th century, the 

 lave and transepts were transformed into the 

 erpendicular style of that period. The central 

 awer, called the Angel Steeple, was carried up 

 (1486-1504) to about double its original height, 

 Iso in the Perpendicular style ; it is 234 feet 

 ligh, and 35 feet in diameter. The north-west 

 )wer was taken down in 1834; it was 113 feet 

 ligh, and divided into five stories. The Nor- 

 lan plinth still remains on each side of the nave 

 the side aisles, and portions of Norman ashlar- 

 g may be seen about the transepts, outside 

 ic west wall, and on the east piers of the great 

 swer. The indiscriminate use of the ' Round ' 

 ' Norman,' and the 'Pointed' or 'Early Eng- 



lish arch, is also a striking feature in the eastern 

 part of the building. The Lady Chapel, now 

 called the Dean's Chapel, stands on the north side 

 of the church, and was built in 1468; the roof is 

 a fan-vault. The north transept is called the 

 Martyrdom, for here took place the murder of 

 Becket, on Tuesday, December 29, 1170. Fifty 

 years later, his remains were translated from the 

 crypt to a shrine in the newly erected Trinity 

 Chapel, eastward of the choir. About the year 

 1500, the yearly offerings at this shrine amounted 

 to ,4000 j but they had then declined much in 

 value. A mosaic pavement still remains in front 

 of the place where the shrine stood, and the stone 

 steps which lead up to it are worn by the knees 

 of countless pilgrims ; but the shrine itself was 

 demolished in 1538, and the bones of the saint 

 burned, by order of Henry VIII. In 1643, the 

 building was further ' purified,' as it was called, 

 by order of parliament. Still many interesting 

 monuments remain such as the tombs of Stephen 

 Langton ; that which is commonly, but wrongly, 

 supposed to be the tomb of Archbishop Theobald ; 

 with those of the Black Prince, of Henry IV. of 

 Archbishops Maphan, Peckham, Chicheley, Cour- 

 tenay, Sudbury, Stratford, Kemp, Bourchier, 

 Warham, and of Cardinal Pole. The exterior 

 length of the cathedral is 545 feet, by 156 in 

 breadth at the eastern transept. The crypt is of 

 greater extent and loftier than any other in Eng- 

 land. 



The archbishop of Canterbury is primate of all 

 England, metropolitan, and first peer of the realm. 

 He ranks next to royalty, and crowns the sovereign. 

 His ecclesiastical province includes all England 

 except the six northern counties. Among his 

 privileges, he can confer degrees in divinity, law, 

 music, and medicine. His seats are at Lambeth 

 and Addington Park. He is patron of 149 livings, 

 and has an income of ; 15,000 a year. 



Brighton, originally Brighthelmstone, is a town 

 and 'watering-place on the east coast of Sussex, 

 fifty and a half miles south of London. The writ- 

 ings of Dr Russel, a physician of George II.'s 

 time, first drew public attention to Brighton as 

 an eligible watering-place ; and the discovery of 

 a chalybeate spring in the neighbourhood in- 

 creased its popularity. The real discoverer of 

 Brighton was, however, George, Prince of Wales, 

 in 1782. His subsequent yearly visits attracted 

 crowds of visitors from the world of fashion. The 

 settled population in 1881 was 107,546. Near the 

 centre of the town is the Pavilion, or Marine Palace, 

 a fantastic oriental structure with domes, minarets, 

 and pinnacles, and Moorish stables, begun for the 

 Prince of Wales in 1784, and finished in 1827. 

 It is now the property of the corporation of 

 Brighton, and with its beautiful pleasure-ground 

 of above seven acres is given for public recreation. 

 It is in the Steyne, an open space between the 

 east and west parts of the town. The Marine 

 Parade extends about a mile along the margin of 

 the cliff. Westward, there is a similar promenade 

 in front of the more modern part of the town. A 

 rational attraction has recently been added to the 

 place, by the acquisition of an Aquarium the 

 largest in England, and probably in the world. 



Portsmouth, the chief naval arsenal of Great 

 Britain, and an important sea-port, in the south of 

 Hampshire, stands on the south-west shore of 

 Portsea Island, at the entrance to Portsmouth 



HI 



