CHAMBERS'S INFORMATION FOR THE PEOPLE. 



Scottish Border and the Tweed famous all over 

 the world. In a business note-book of 1829, the 

 total turnover of the tweed-makers is estimated 

 at ,26,000. ' It is only,' says Mr Bremner, ' by 

 comparing these modest figures with the present 

 overturn of upwards of 2,000,000, that one can 

 gain anything like an adequate conception of the 

 extent and rapidity of the development of the 

 tweed manufacture.' There are woollen manu- 

 factures in Ayr, Kilmarnock, Stirling, Aberdeen, 

 Inverness, and several other towns in Scotland. 

 Dundee and the Forfarshire towns are the prin- 

 cipal seats of the linen and jute manufactures. 



The following are the statistics of textile factories 

 in Scotland for 1885 : 



Factories.' Spindles. Power-looms. Persons employed. 



37. 6? 

 27,546 



13 



5,479 

 39,086 



MI 



065 



152,279 



Total.. .776 2,369,104 72,279 



Of persons employed as above, at same date, 

 the proportion was 30 per cent, of males, and 70 

 per cent, of females. Besides these textile 

 factories, paper-making is engaged in on a large 

 scale in Mid-Lothian ; the distillation of mineral 

 oil for shale forms an important industry in Mid- 

 Lothian and Linlithgowshire and other parts of 

 Scotland, more than .2,000,000 of capital being 

 invested in this business. There were 122 dis- 



tilleries in 1884, and over 200 breweries. Greenock 

 is the chief centre for sugar refining; and 

 printing and publishing are largely carried on in 

 Edinburgh, many books published in London 

 and elsewhere being printed here. 



Commerce. The total declared values of ex- 

 ports of British and Irish manufacture, from 

 the three chief ports of Scotland, England, 

 and Ireland, for 1880, were as follows: Glas- 

 gow, 11,828,729; Leith, 2,819,111 ; Greenock, 

 423,092; London, 52,6oo>9 2 9 ' Liverpool, 

 84,029,651 ; Hull, 18,572,005; Cork, ,25,816; 

 Belfast, 544,286 ; Dublin, 105,288. Since the 

 disastrous year 1857, Scotland has been in. the 

 highest degree commercially prosperous. Taking 

 the six banks having their head office in Edin- 

 burgh, it has been found that the market value 

 of their united capital, originally 6,600,000 (see 

 COMMERCE MONEY BANKS), has risen from 

 10,730,000 in 1857 to 28,880,000 in 1883. 

 The value of capital invested in insurance com- 

 panies has probably risen in an equal, if not 

 greater degree. The amount insured in the Stand- 

 ard Life Assurance Company is upwards of 18 

 millions, and its accumulated fund is upwards 

 of 4 millions sterling. The Scottish Widows' 

 Fund (Mutual) Society, has more than 19 millions 

 of insurances, and an accumulated capital of 5^ 

 millions. The following table shews the esti- 

 mated annual amount of revenue expected to 

 be derived from taxation in England and Scot- 

 land, respectively, at the period of the Union in 

 1706 (Minutes of Conference, Record Commis- 

 sion, v. n, App. p. 192-196) ; also the amount of 

 revenue derived from England and Scotland, 

 during the year ending March 31, 1866, with per- 

 centage of increase in each country in 1866 over 

 amounts estimated in 1706 : 



That is, for every i of imperial taxation paid by 

 England in 1706, England paid 7-79 in 1866; 

 while during the same period the proportion paid 

 by Scotland advanced from i to 54-9. 



At the union of the kingdoms, 45 of the 658 

 members of the House of Commons were allotted 

 to Scotland, while Ireland had 100. In 1832, 

 Scotland obtained 53, Ireland 105. In 1868, the 

 total number of members remaining still unaltered, 

 the share of Scotland was increased to 60. At 

 that date, had the number of members been in 

 proportion to population, Scotland would have had 

 69, Ireland 122, England 467 ; if in proportion 

 to payments to revenue, Scotland 86, Ireland 64, 

 and England 508. In 1885, the total number of 

 members was increased to 670, of whom 495 fell 

 to England and Wales, 72 to Scotland, and 103 to 

 Ireland. 



In 187 r, the population of Scotland was 3,360,018. 

 The amount of revenue contributed by Scotland 

 to the imperial exchequer, for the year ending 



March 31, 1872, was 8,513,087 ; or 2, ros. 8d. 

 per head. By the census of 1871, the population 

 of England and Wales was 22,704,108 ; and 

 the total revenue contributed by England and 

 Wales, for the year ending March 31, 1872, was 

 59,184,597 ; or 2, 125. id. per head. The 

 amount of income and property tax contributed 

 by England and Wales, for the same year, was 

 7,719,170; or 6s. o^d. per head. The amount 

 contributed by Scotland for the same year was 

 826,213; or 45. i id. per head. The total sums 

 voted for the Civil services for the year beginning 

 April i, 1872, for Scotland, was 594,075 ; the 

 total sums chargeable on the Consolidated Fund 

 for Scotland, for the year ending March 31, 1872, 

 and not included in the annual estimates, was 

 138,312 : total, 732,387. For Ireland, these sums 

 were : Civil services, 2,485,566 ; Consolidated 

 Fund services, 222,646 : total, 2,708,212. The 

 revenue derived from Ireland was 7,010,630; 

 from Scotland, as above, 8,513,087. 



