CHAMBERS'S INFORMATION FOR THE PEOPLE. 



Kelvingrove Park, at a cost of ^89,000 ; another 

 of 100 acres, to the south, named Queen's Park, 

 at a cost of about 60,000. Both of these were 

 designed and laid out by Sir Joseph Paxton. 

 The third, the Alexandra, 85 acres, is in the north- 

 eastern part of the city. It has cost about .40,000. 

 Glasgow is paved with granite, and is one of the 

 best-paved cities in Europe. The Loch Katrine 

 water-works, begun in 1856, by Mr Bateman, C.E. 

 were completed in three years. The aqueduct 

 from the lake to the reservoir, 8 miles from Glas- 

 gow, is 26 miles long. During half of that dis- 

 tance, the water is conveyed through tunnels. 

 There are four miles of iron piping carried across 

 valleys, and for the rest of the way there are 

 open cuttings and bridges. The cost of the aque- 

 duct averaged ;i 8,000 per mile. The total cost 

 of the works has rather exceeded one million and 

 a. half sterling. Over 32 millions of gallons 

 are brought into the town daily. This gives 52 

 gallons per head to the population. The works 

 are capable of supplying 50 millions of gallons 

 per day. The City Improvement Trust was 

 created in 1866, to acquire decayed buildings and 

 parts of the town where houses were bad or 

 deficient. A tax was imposed for this purpose. 

 The Trust has already acquired .1,100,000 worth 

 of property. The iron trade has grown to be of 

 vast magnitude in Glasgow. In the immediate 

 neighbourhood, in 1880 there were 97 iron fur- 

 naces, producing upwards of 3000 tons of pig- 

 iron per day. In 1879, the total manufacture was 

 932,000 tons; the shipment, in 1880, was 259,425 

 tons. In shipbuilding, Glasgow holds a high 

 position. The aggregate launched during 1 882, a 

 year of exceptional activity, was 291 vessels of 

 391,934 tons. The commercial progress of Glas- 

 gow is indicated by the following table : 



,, Duty collected at 



Year ending f he p ort< 



Jan. 5, 1801 469 13 6 



11 1820 11,000 6 9 



ii 1830 59.oi3 17 3 



H 1840 468,97412 2 



1855 668,556 9 4 



Mar. 31, 1870 1,072,718 ii 6 



it 1881 1,036,616 o o 



The Cathedral or High Church ornaments the 

 north-east end of the city. It was founded by 

 John Achaius, bishop of Glasgow in the reign of 

 David I. ; a stone over the door tells us that it 

 was dedicated in 1197, St Mungo being the 

 tutelar saint. The new university buildings were 

 begun in 1867 ; when finished, the total cost will, 

 it is expected, be about .400,000. Towards this, 

 the citizens have subscribed ^ 120,000. The style 

 of building is that of the early part of the I4th 

 century as applied to colleges. There is a large 

 infirmary in connection with the university. In 

 1811, the population of Glasgow was 103,224. By 

 the census of 1881, it was 674,095. By the same, the 

 population of Manchester (with Salford), 517,741, 

 and of Liverpool, 552,425. After 1868, Glasgow 

 sent three members to parliament ; after 1885, 

 seven. The university, in conjunction with that 

 of Aberdeen, returns another. 



Paisley. The country around Glasgow, par- 

 ticularly towards the south, abounds in busy 

 towns and villages, of the former of which the 

 most remarkable is Paisley, situated in Renfrew- 

 shire, on the banks of the small river Cart, seven 

 miles from the city above described. It originated 

 from an abbey founded in 1160 by Walter, the 



256 



first of the Stuarts, and of which considerable 

 remains still exist. Paisley is a noted seat of the 

 manufacture of shawls, and also of cotton thread, 

 gauzes, and velvets. There are also brass-foun- 

 dries, bleaching- works, and a silk-throwing mill. 

 The population in 1881 was 55,638. 



Greenock, in the early part of the i8th century, 

 was a small fishing village. It is now the first 

 seaport in Scotland, possessing commodious har- 

 bours, extending 5455 feet from east to west. The 

 Albert Harbour, opened in 1866, cost 200,000. 

 The Princes Pier, extending along the Clyde west- 

 ward, cost 70,000. It has direct communication 

 with the Greenock and Ayrshire Railway. The 

 new Garvel Park graving-dock, one of the largest 

 docks of the kind in the kingdom, was formally 

 opened by the chief magistrate on ist April 1874. 

 The works cost upwards of .60,000. The prin- 

 cipal trade of Greenock is with the East and West 

 Indies, the United States, and British America. 

 It is a very flourishing town. The population in 

 1 88 1 was 66,704. It returns one member to 

 parliament. 



Dumfries is prettily situated on the Nith, 

 which is navigable to small vessels nearly as far 

 as the town. The population in iSSi was 17,092, 

 Dumfries has some weaving-mills and small 

 manufactures ; and is an entrep6t for transmis- 

 sion of cattle to English markets. It derives some 

 importance from being the chief town of a consid- 

 erable district. In St Michael's churchyard are 

 laid the remains of Robert Burns. 



The Border. Though the scenery of the Scot- 

 tish Border cannot be compared with that of the 

 Highlands, it is in many parts extremely pictur- 

 esque ; and there are few lands so famed in song 

 and story. ' Many of the Border ballads,' says 

 a poet, ' are so real and life-like, so full of char- 

 acter and humour, that we feel as if the singer had 

 himself wielded a sword in combat, or ridden into 

 England to lift a prey. . . . All that far-off, law- 

 less, and generous life is unroofed to us in these 

 ballads. We wander amid the ruins of a past 

 society, as we would amid the ruins of Pompeii.' 

 Entering from England by Ford, Twizel Castle, 

 and Coldstream, we pass through the country 

 traversed by James on his way to Flodden, and 

 we think of The Flowers of the Forest 



I 've heard them lilting at the ewes milking, 

 Lasses a-lilting before the dawn of day ; 



But now there's a moaning on ilka green loaning, 

 For the Flowers of the Forest are a' wede away. 



The first town on the Scotch side on the Tweed,, 

 after Coldstream, is Kelso, where there is a fine 

 ruin of an abbey of David I. and the ruin of 

 the old fortress of Roxburgh Castle, the scene 

 of the Black Douglas's famous exploit. Eight or 

 nine miles farther up, we come to Dryburgh r 

 within whose abbey Sir Walter Scott is buried 



'Mong mouldering ruins low he lies, 



and from his grave you hear meet music the wail 

 of his beloved Tweed. Five or six miles farther up, 

 stands Melrose, with its famed Abbey, where lie 

 the heart of Bruce, Alexander II. of Scotland, 

 Earl Douglas who fell at Otterburn, and William, 

 ' the dark knight of Liddesdale.' Abbotsford is 

 about two miles from Melrose. It now belongs 

 to the Hon. Mrs Constable Maxwell Scott, great- 

 grand-daughter of Sir Walter Scott, and grand- 

 daughter of J. Gibson Lockhart, his biographer. 



