128 KINDRED GROUP-MARRIAGE 



does not seem material. 1 Thus O.H.G. liagjan appears 

 with variations haien, haijen, and liaigen approaching 

 the modern hegen, to hedge round, fence in, protect, or 

 cherish. This leads us to the third meaning of the root 

 hi. In the Latin of the mediaeval law-books haga, haia, 

 haio is castella, villa, that which was hedged in, the old 

 group -dwelling. A.S. heos is house. Huey is tramp's 

 slang for a village. Many place-names show hag and 

 liagen. Hai, gehai in Bavaria denote a dam or fence of 

 stakes ; hi, hie in Norway denote the winter and breeding 

 quarters of the bears ; der hai is the watcher, the 

 Merker or custodian of the forest under the mark-system. 

 Hag en, geliag, and hain 2 are places planted or palisaded 

 in (hag in Bavaria is now widely used for stall) ; and 



from the same idea 3 arises Friesian ham, hem : Eng- 



> 



lish ham, home ; German heim, and Gothic haims, a 

 village. I take it that the notion of lying is not the 

 primitive sense of hi, but the hedged in or fenced lair, 

 which becomes the lying place. Accordingly I should 

 not look to Sanskrit qi and Greek Kel^ai, to lie down, 

 as giving the primitive value. Whether, indeed, we 

 are to consider haga and haia as arising from two 

 different roots, the one denoting to fence, and the other 

 to lie, is perhaps not of great importance for our 

 present purpose. What, however, is pretty clear is 

 that the geliag was the heim of a group with very 



1 Compare A.S. liegan, M.E. liggen, English lie, German liegan, and English 

 lay. Then A.S. lagti, Danish lov, and English law, etc. 



2 Hain is not only the enclosure sacred to a goddess. In hayngarten gehen, 

 to make oneself intimate in a sexual sense, we seem to see the sacred yard used 

 as a sexual rendezvous, the seat of the sex-festival. See Appendix I. 



3 Other words for home express the same idea. Thus in the Ascgabuch, 

 liodgarda is used of the family hearth, garda being the fenced place, the garden, 

 i.e. the hag of 'unser Liet.' 



