1 68 KINDRED GROUP-MARRIAGE 



a relative ; also freund, frunt, is repeatedly used for 

 verwandter in the Tyrolese Weisthilmer. Swedish has 

 frdnka, fraeundkona for female relative, and O.H.G. 

 friuntin, M.L.G-. vriundin, denote not only the mis- 

 tress and concubine, but also the consanguinea. Indeed, 

 vriuntschaft is used for consanguinitas, blood relation- 

 ship, and also, but probably later, for affinitas. Nagel- 

 vriunt is identical with nagelmdc, and often the only 

 additional persons included in the vriunde beyond the 

 mac are the members of the household, the vassals pre- 

 cisely the extension we have seen in the use of liiwa. 

 Thus we see the chain connecting two such different 

 glosses as friunte = parentis and friuntscalh = cliens or 

 serf. We accordingly conclude that the notion of friend- 

 liness has arisen from the old kindred group-marriage, 

 in precisely the same way as the notions of kindliness, 

 comfort, and beauty in kind, behaglich, gemdchlich, 

 etc. Before we pass to another important conception 

 acquired by the old mother-age vriunte, we may briefly 

 consider the old deities associated with this root fri 

 or pri. 



Besides Sanskrit Pritis for the wife of the god of love; 

 Prije is the old Bohemian goddess of love. Then we have 

 a wide range of Teutonic mother-goddesses, goddesses of 

 fertility and sex. In the first place, we may note Frea 

 of the Langobards ; then, farther north, Fria, Frija, 

 from whom our Friday is derived, essentially a northern 

 Venus ; and ultimately, in Scandinavia, we have two 

 notable forms Freyja, Frowd, Fraujo, or simply FrA 

 (Frau), a most typical mother -age goddess, as well 

 goddess of death as of fertility ; and Frigg, Friche, or 



