190 KINDRED GROUP-MARRIAGE 



origin in the primitive analogy of fire-sticks and pestle- 

 mill to the sexual act. Be this as it may, however, 

 there is nothing in the early meaning of cliaral to mark 

 a monogamic relation. We find a name for man as lover 

 gradually becoming specialised for the single husband. 



It is, indeed, the same with all the Teutonic cor- 

 relatives for a monogamic pair. Such are man and 

 wife ; husband (the house-dweller, not the householder, 

 be it noted) and housewife, mann and f rau. All these, 

 like hagetisse and hagestalt, merely denote a male and 

 female, possibly members of the same habitation. 1 When 

 monogamy became the custom, it simply specialised 

 words already existing, and expressing in themselves the 

 much freer sexual relations of a primitive civilisation. 

 The reader who has had the patience, however, to pass 

 in review the various fossils of that primitive civilisation 

 which I have collected, will not fail to have been struck 

 with the large part the woman's function of child- 

 bearing has played in the creation and naming of kin, 

 as compared with the man's function of procreation. 

 Herein is the key to several characteristic features of 

 the mother-age. 



1 It is noteworthy to what a small extent the idea of householder had grown 

 into the idea of husband or father before the Aryan scatter. Thus we have the 

 pan- Aryan vie for clan-dwelling or house, in Sanskrit ve$d, Greek FOIKOS, Latin 

 vicus, Slavonic visi, Gothic veihs, A.S. wick, 0. Irish fick, Cornish guic ; and 

 yet only in Greek olKodeairdrris, Sanskrit viqpdti, Zend vifpaiti, and Lithuanian 

 veszpatis, do we reach the notion of zupan, house-father or lord. The house- 

 holder as chief does not thus seem to have been a widely current notion in early 

 Aryan times ; still less widely spread was the notion of the householder as sexual 

 father. Compare Latin dominus (Sanskrit dampati) from domus, with its mini- 

 mum of the sense of paternity or sexual relationship. On the other hand, the 

 idea of co-dwellers does at once lead us to terms for kinship and comradeship. 

 Thus notice the Greek oiicla, household, family, lineage, race (like oDcos also), 

 s, relationship, friendship, intimacy of man and woman, marriage, 

 , relationship, affinity. 



