204 KINDRED GROUP-MARRIAGE 



applied to any female of the group, i.e. any woman of 

 the mother's kindred, not necessarily the mother herself. 

 It appears in hebamme as midwife, and so may be com- 

 pared with Greek fiala and Sanskrit mdtrJca (mother, 

 nurse, grandmother, womb). It ought, however, to be 

 noticed that in O.H.G-. amme frequently appears as 

 anna and with the aspirate hanna, thus hefhanna 

 glossed obstetrix. Such a form would suggest a con- 

 nection with the root gan, to produce, and so lead us 

 to the same round of ideas as we have followed from 

 md to mdme, if amme be thus not directly related to 

 mamma. The aspirate is, however, peculiar to O.H.G-. 

 although co-radicates are common in all Aryan tongues, 

 e.g. Spanish ama, nurse, mistress of the house, amo 

 master, Languedoc ama, grandmother, Gaelic am, 

 mother, etc. One would prefer to connect O.H.G. 

 ano and and, grandfather and grandmother, Modern 

 German ahn, with anna, amme, rather than with anan, 

 to breathe, as the expired ones. 1 Their origin, however, 

 is very obscure. 



(5) We now pass to the paternal relationship. Accord- 

 ing to the accepted theory, this relationship in Aryan 

 civilisations receives its terminology from the root pa 

 which has the sense of feed, water, look after, as of 

 cattle ; thus we have Latin pasco, and the pa in 

 pabulum, panis, and Greek nrareo^aL, feed. In Gothic 

 the wovdfat'an might be expected, but it has not been 

 preserved ; we have, however, fodjan, to feed, to rear, 

 and fodeins, food. In O.H.G. foten, vuten, fuoten 

 is to fodder, fatten, cram, while fdtar, vuoter, miter is 



1 So Deecke loc. cit. p. 214. 



