SPECIAL WORDS FOR SEX AND RELATIONSHIP 223 



O.H.G. tohtar, M.G. tochter, O.N. ddttir, A.S. doJitor, 

 etc. The Sanskrit root dug, or duh, is to milk in either 

 the passive or active sense, as in milchen and melken. 

 Swedish daggja, Danish daegge, Gothic daddjan, are to 

 give suck, while English dug is the nipple of the breast. 

 In Sanskrit dug' a is a cow, dohas, a milking or milk, and 

 ddgd'ri, a cow or nurse. From these cow-words, with- 

 out apparent co-radicates in the other Aryan tongues, 

 arose the idea of the daughter as the milker of cows in 

 the pretty theory of the happy patriarchal life of the 

 primitive Aryans. This idea, that the terminology for 

 daughter awaited the discovery of a peaceful occupation 

 for her later years, has now been given up by most philo- 

 logists (not, however, by Skeat), but it serves to mark the 

 want of anthropological instinct in the philologists of the 

 last generation. As the son is the begetter in potentia, 

 so the daughter is the suckler, the mother of the future 

 a far more primitive concept than that of cow -milking. 

 (10) I shall now pass to some remarks on the 

 Teutonic words for relationship by marriage. Such 

 words differ widely in most Aryan dialects, and this is 

 sufficient to indicate their late origin. 1 Many of the 

 Aryan words suggest a very different primitive sense to 

 their present, and several have clearly been perverted 

 from their old kin-group significance to suit patriarchal 

 institutions. I must here, however, confine my attention 

 to some peculiarly German terms, as my space is limited. 

 German eidam, A. S. dpum, and Fries, ddum, appears 

 connected with eid, oath. The son-in-law is the oath- 



1 Clearly, if the patriarchal system had been a primitive Aryan one, the 

 names for such relationships ought to have been co-radicate, for they must have 

 been needed at an early date. 



