430 APPENDIX IV 



O.N. nautr, is a comrade, one who enjoys in common. The German 

 has not retained this simple form, but has put all the ancient ideas 

 of common life into the strengthened form genieszen. This word 

 denotes essentially the idea of common enjoyment ; it is not only 

 eating and drinking, but pleasure in so doing. The noun geniesze, or 

 in its more usual form genusz, is essentially the pleasurable satis- 

 faction of appetite in contradistinction to the mere desire, the 

 begierde. Like niezen it is used of the satisfaction of sexual appetite : 

 er noz ir jungen suezen Up, biz daz diu maget wart ein wip (Daz 

 heselin, Gesammiabenteuer, ii. p. 9). Genieze in M.H.G-. is used of a 

 female comrade, the later genossin. While genieze in M.H.G. is used 

 of food and love, its O.H.G. sense was undoubtedly gemeingeniesze, 

 the nutznieszung in gemeinschaft. Even Luther in his Bible transla- 

 tion gives the mittheilung of the older German versions, thQparticipatio 

 of the Vulgate, by geniess : " What fellowship geniess hath right- 

 eousness with unrighteousness ?" (2 Cor. 6, 14). The typical word 

 is O.H.G. ganoz, kinoz, equivalent to O.N. nautr, and glossed socius, 

 contubernalis, sodalis, aequalis, commilito in other words, we find the 

 gandz is exactly like the gataling (p. 154) and the gamahcho (p. 143). 

 We have the group of vriunte with common living, common house, 

 and equal privileges, degenerating as the glosses huskinozi, domestici, 

 and gandz, cliens, show into the same senses as the hiwa terms (p. 

 126) degenerated. It is noteworthy, however, that gandz stands 

 for either male or female comrade ; it is glossed like ganozinna by 

 collega. Similarly genieze in M.H.G. is used of either sex, the 

 genosse or the genossin, the simple mitgenieszer. M.H.G. gendzinne, or 

 simply genoze, is used for socia, censors, wife. 1 Turning back to 

 O.H.G. we note Jcinozsam, facundus, in the sense of social ; ganozsami, 

 collegia; gandzsamon, gandzon, both glossed consociare ; ganozscaf, 

 consortium, contubernium, collegium, sodalitas ; ungendz is one who is 

 not of the gandzscaf ; ungendzami is used in the Weisthumer of a 

 wife, not one of the genoszschaft ; while the terms mitgenossig and 

 ungendssig are rendered by consors and exsors. Like senses may be 

 followed in a more scattered manner in M.L.G. gendt, A.S. geneat, 

 and Dutch genoot, etc. Eidgenoss is like the eidam (p. 223), the 



nedd, desire, lust, joy, with the verb niotdn, A.S. giniedon, to enjoy to the full, 

 to rejoice in, and O.H.G. adjective niotsam, desirabilis, etc. 



1 Genieszung is used for genosz, and the two words may be compared with gata- 

 lung and gatte. It also stands, of course, for enjoyment. 



