432 APPENDIX IV 



in older days had been the common kin-group land. Even fish and 

 crayfish are in some cases not to be exported. Manufactured 

 articles, bread, bricks, tiles, ploughs, pots, tubs, etc., must either not 

 be sold at all outside the genoszschaft, or first offered for sale to the 

 gendsze. Even tailors, shoemakers, and smiths must work only for 

 the gendsze, or for them in the first place and at a cheaper rate. 1 

 The primitive community is not only endogamous, we see also the 

 fossils of an older self-sufficing communism. Even in the mediaeval 

 genoszschaft, overlaid as it was with developed feudalism, we find 

 the strongest traces of the old internal self-government. The 

 alderman or kin-chief may have become an hereditary lord, but the 

 lieimal, fryggeding, or gehegtes gericht of the genoszschaft, held under the 

 gerichtsbaum, show us clearly enough the old group-habits of the gata- 

 lunge and the vriunte. Their genieszen is an enjoyment in common 

 of food, and of the product of the land and chase ; their genuss 

 (Tyrolese gnuss) is a gemeinnutzung of woods and pasture ; their 

 geneten, a rechtes geneten, the legal advantage in the maJml. But at 

 the same time the sex-weight never leaves the words, and the 

 liebesgenuss it refers to is the endogamous union of a localised 

 kindred group. The modern genossenschaft is one of the pillars of 

 our present commercial system, but its origin in the old kindred 

 group-marriage the human herd is hardly more realised than are 

 those of right (p. 427) and of love (p. 175). 



1 See von Maurer, GescMchte der' MarJceverfassung, 1856, pp. 179-184. 



