116 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS. [IX. 



II. 



ANALYSES OP VARIOUS NATURAL WATERS. 



CONTENTS OF SECTIONS. 35, 36. Waters of the first class; 37. Their prob- 

 able origin ; the elimination of sulphates ; 38. Separation of lime-salts 

 from waters ; 39. Earthy chlorides in saliferous formations ; brines of 

 New York, Michigan, and England ; foot-note on errors in water-anal- 

 yses ; 40. Brines of western Pennsylvania ; waters in which chloride of 

 calcium predominates ; 41. Origin of such waters ; separation of magne- 

 sia as an insoluble silicate ; 42. Waters of the second class ; 43. Waters 

 of the third class ; 44. Waters of the fourth class ; Chambly ; 45. Other 

 waters of the same class ; Ottawa River ; 46. Waters of Highgate and 

 Alburg; 47. Changes in the Caledonia waters; comparative analyses; 

 48. Waters of the fifth class ; sulphuric-acid springs of New York and 

 Canada ; 49. Changes in the composition of these waters ; their action on 

 calcareous strata ; 50. Waters of the sixth class ; their various sources ; 

 51. Examples of neutral sulphated waters ; sulphate of magnesia waters. 



[ 35, 36, in the original paper, contained descriptions and 

 analyses of eight waters of Class I., as denned in 34. These, 

 with two exceptions, were more concentrated than sea-water, 

 containing from 36 to 50 and even 68 parts of solid matter to 

 1,000. The composition of three of them is here given : the 

 first is that of a copious spring which issues from the Trenton 

 limestone at Whitby, Ontario ; the second is that of a well 

 sunk into the same limestone at Hallowell not far from the 

 last, and one of several wells in the vicinity similar in charac- 

 ter, though less concentrated; and the third is from a boring 

 500 feet deep, sunk through the Medina sandstone into the 

 underlying Hudson River shales at St. Catherine, Ontario.] 



Waters of Class I. Whitby. Hallowell. St. Catherine. 



Chloride of sodium . . . 18.9158 38.7315 29.8034 



" potassium . . . traces traces .3555 



calcium . . . 17.5315 15.9230 14.8544 



" magnesium . . . 9.5437 12.9060 3.:. 



Bromide of sodium . . . .2482 .4685 uiul.-t. 



Iodide " 0008 .0133 .0042 



Sulphate of lime 2.1923 



Carbonate of lime 0411 



" magnesia. . . .0227 



" baryta and strontia . miM. 



In 1,000 parts .... 46.3038 68.0423 50.6075 





