124 



CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS. 



[IX. 



of solid water in 1,000. Of the three whose analysis is given 

 below, the first rises from the Chazy formation in the Ottawa 

 valley, and the others from the Utica and Hudson River for- 

 mations in the valley of the St. Lawrence. The alkaline-saline 

 waters of Caledonia, belonging to the same class, which will be 

 mentioned further on in 47, rise from the Trenton lime- 

 stone in the former region.] 



44. Of the waters of Class IV. the first to be noticed is one 

 occurring at Chambly, on the Richelieu River, in the province 

 of Quebec. Here, on a plateau, over an area of about two acres, 

 the clayey soil is destitute of vegetation and impregnated with 

 alkaline waters; which in the dry season give rise to a saline 

 efflorescence on the partially dried up and fissured surface. A 

 well sunk here to the depth of eight or ten feet in the clay, 

 which overlies the Hudson River formation, affords at all times 

 an abundant supply of water, which generally flows in a little 

 stream from the top of the well. Small bubbles of carluivtt-d 

 hydrogen are sometimes seen to escape from the water. The 

 temperature at the bottom of the well was found in October, 

 1861, to be 53 F., and in August, 1865, to be nearly 54 F. 

 The mean temperature of Chambly can differ but little from 



