154 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS. [IX. 



number of the mineral springs already described occur; and 

 although it is often difficult to establish the presence or to trace 

 the extent of faults in the strata, on account of the alluvial de- 

 posits which generally cover the palaeozoic strata of the region, 

 it is apparent that in a great number of cases the mineral springs 

 occur along the lines of disturbance, and it is probable that a con- 

 stant relation of this kind exists. The great western portion of 

 the basin, which is less disturbed than its eastern part, presents 

 but few mineral springs ; yet the wells of strongly saline water 

 which have been obtained by boring at Kingston, Hallowell, 

 St. Catherine's, Chatham, and elsewhere in Ontario, show that 

 the undisturbed rocky strata are charged with saline matters. 

 For a better understanding of the relations of these waters, a 

 list of the palaeozoic formations in which the mineral springs 

 here described occur is given below, numbered in ascending 

 order. [Of these the first six correspond to the first and second 

 palaeozoic faunas, the Cambrians of Sedgwick and the Lower 

 Silurian of Murchison, while 712 include the third fauna, 

 or true Silurian, and the remaining three the lower part of the 

 Devonian series.] 



Palceozoic Formations of the St. Lawrence Basin. 



15. HAMILTON, shales. 



14. CORNIFEROUS, limestone. 



13. ORISKANY, sandstone. 



12. LOWER HELDERBERG, limestone. 



11. ONONDAGA, OR SALINA, dolomite and shales. 



10. GUELPH, dolomite. 



9. NIAGARA, dolomite. 



8. CLINTON, dolomite and shales. 



7. MEDINA, sandstone. 



6. HUDSON RIVER, shales. 



5. UTICA, shales. 



4. TRENTON, limestone. 



3. CHAZY, limestone. 



2. CALCIFEROUS, dolomite. 



1. POTSDAM, sandstone. 



73. Of the above series the Trenton group includes the 

 Birds-eye and Black River limestones, as well as the Trenton 



