IX.] CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS. 157 



proximity, and apparently rising from a common fissure or dis- 

 location. Thus in the seigniories of Mcolet and La Baie du 

 Febvre, I have examined six springs, all of which rise through 

 the Utica formation along a line, in a distance of about eight 

 miles. Of these springs two belong to the second, two to the 

 third, and two to the fourth class ; these last being probably 

 derived entirely from the shales, while the others have their 

 source in the underlying limestones, and are more or less modified 

 in their ascent. Again, at Sabrevois, within a few feet of each 

 other, are two springs of the second class, of which one contains 

 salts of baryta and strontia, and the other soluble sulphates. 

 In like manner at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere a spring of the 

 second class and one of the fourth are found not far apart. 

 The springs of Caledonia offer another and not less remarkable 

 example. In 1847 there were to be seen, not far from a spring 

 of the second class, three others of the third class very near to- 

 gether, one of them sulphurous, but all sulphated, and differing 

 in the proportions of carbonate of soda present. In 1865, 

 while one of these still retained its character of a sulphurous 

 sulphated water of the third class, the others were changed to 

 waters of the second class, and held salts of baryta in solution. 

 These relations, which we have already pointed out ( 47), not 

 only show waters holding incompatible salts issuing from dif- 

 ferent strata along the same fissure, but mingling in such vary- 

 ing proportions as to produce from time to time changes in the 

 constitution of the resulting springs. 



78. The temperature of none of the springs which we have 

 here described exceeds 53, which has been observed for 

 two springs at Chambly, about twelve miles from Montreal 

 ( 44). No other springs in Canada are known to present so 

 high temperature, unless possibly the acid waters of the fifth 

 class ( 48). St. Le"on spring was found to be 46, while that 

 of Caxton, near the last, and like it of Class II., was 49 F. 



79. The extended series of analyses which we have given 

 in the preceding pages presents many points of interest. No- 

 where else, it is believed, has such a complete systematic exam- 

 ination of the waters of a region, and of a great geological 



