408 CAMBRIAN AND SILURIAN IN NORTH AMERICA. [XV. 



yielded no remains of a higher fauna. The same Menevian 

 forms have been found in small outlying areas of similar rocks, 

 at two or three places north of the St. John basin, but to the 

 south of the New Brunswick coal-field. To the north of this 

 is a broad belt of similar argillites and sandstones, which ex- 

 tends southwestward into the State of Maine. This belt has 

 hitherto yielded no organic remains, but is compared by Mr. 

 Matthew to the Cambrian rocks of the St. John basin, and to 

 the gold-bearing series of Nova Scotia (Geol. Jour., XXI. 

 427), which at the same time resembles closely the Cambrian 

 rocks of southeastern Newfoundland. This was remarked by 

 Dr. Dawson in 1860, when he expressed the opinion that the 

 auriferous rocks of Nova Scotia were " the continuation of the 

 older slate series of Mr. Jukes in Newfoundland, which has 

 afforded Paradoxides," and probably the equivalent of the 

 Lingula flags of Wales. (Supplement to Acadian Geology 

 (1860), page 53; also Acad. Geol., 2d ed., page 613.) Asso- 

 ciated with these gold-bearing strata, along the Atlantic coast 

 of Nova Scotia, occur fine-grained gneisses, and mica-schists 

 with andalusite and staurolite ; besides other crystalline schists 

 which are chloritic and dioritic, and contain crystallized epi- 

 dote, magnetite, and menaccanite. These two types of crys- 

 talline schists (which, from their stratigraphical relations, as 

 well as from their mineral condition, appear to be more ancient 

 than the uncrystalline gold-bearing strata) were in 1860, as 

 now, regarded by me as the equivalents respectively of the 

 White Mountain and Green Mountain series of the Appa- 

 lachians, as will be seen by reference to Dr. Dawson's work 

 just quoted. At that time, however, and for many years after, 

 I held, in common with most American geologists, the opinion 

 that these two groups of crystalline schists were altered rocks 

 of a more recent date than that assigned to the auriferous series 

 of Nova Scotia by Dr. Dawson, who was much perplexed by 

 the difficulty of reconciling this view with his own. The diffi- 

 culty is, however, at once removed when we admit, as I have 

 maintained since 1870, that both of these groups are pre- 

 Cambrian in age. (Amer. Jour. Sci. (2), L. 83 ; ante, pages 

 276 and 327.) 



