17 



1 refining still. 



1 condensing coil. 



2 hogs for chipping the wood (one in reserve). 

 Storage tanks for crude and refined turpentine. 

 Pumps and piping for water supply and turpentine. 



These lists of apparatus are merely illustrative, as builders of plants 

 must modify their equipment in accordance with experience and 

 circumstances. 



MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. 

 GENERAL PROCESS OF DISTILLATION. 



The round retorts are filled with the wood by hand, two lengths of 

 wood filling a retort, which is made to hold about 1 cord. When 



FIG. 8. Wood car used in oven retort. 



ovens are used the wood is loaded on iron cars (fig. 8) holding from 1 to 

 3 cords of wood, and from 2 to 8 cars are run into the oven. The 

 doors in all cases are made gas tight, if possible. The retorts are 

 heated slowly and the distillation is continued for from twenty to 

 thirty hours, the progress being indicated by the flow of liquor and 

 4208 No. 3607 3 



