35 



ALUMINUM ACETATE. 



This product is made by dissolving aluminum hydroxid in an 

 excess of acetic acid, or by decomposing lead or calcium acetate with 

 aluminum sulphate. It is known as "red liquor" and is largely used 

 in dyeing and calico printing. Red liquor made from calcium acetate 

 is to be preferred. 



CHROMIUM ACETATE. 



This chemical is made by dissolving chromic hydroxid in acetic 

 acid, or by treating chromic sulphate solution with calcium or lead 

 acetate. It is used as a mordant in calico printing. 



COPPER ACETATE. 



Copper acetate may be obtained by dissolving verdigris (copper 

 carbonate) or copper oxid in acetic acid, but the best is made by de- 

 composing a copper-sulphate solution with lead acetate. 



LEAD ACETATE. 



Lead acetate, or sugar of lead, is prepared by dissolving litharge, 

 or red lead, in acetic acid, and is used for making other mordants and 

 for manufacturing chrome yellow. When excess of litharge is 

 employed, basic acetates are produced. 



SODIUM ACETATE. 



Sodium acetate is prepared by neutralizing dilute acetic acid with 

 sodium hydroxid or sodium carbonate and concentrating the solution. 

 When the sodium acetate crystallizes out, it may be purified by recrys- 

 tallization or by fusion. .It is chiefly used in making pure concen- 

 trated acetic acid, certain diazo bodies, and as a developer for azo 

 dyes in which the color is made on the fiber. 



CRUDE METHYL ALCOHOL AND ACETONE. 



The distillate obtained from the acetic acid or calcium acetate 

 (p. 32) in the lime-lee stills contains the following: From 8 to 10 per 

 cent of methyl alcohol, acetone (methyl acetate, and some acetic 

 acid if the process has not been carefully conducted) , aldehydes, allyl 

 alcohol, dimethyl acetone, methylamine, ammonium acetate, small 

 quantities of ammonia and amines, oily hydrocarbons, and ketones. 

 These latter oily hydrocarbons and ketones render the whole turbid 

 when the alcohol is diluted with water. It is necessary, therefore, 

 to remove these impurities, which may be done by careful fraction- 

 ation of the methyl alcohol in a column still (fig. 12, H 1; H 2 , H s ), the 

 last runnings from which contain the oily impurities, which become 

 milky when diluted with water, and should not be allowed to mix 

 with the alcohol, but may be further treated by, again fractionating 



[Cir. 36] 



