xii 



INDEX 



Plane-table survey, Three- 

 point problem in, 110 

 -table survey, Two-point 



problem in, 110 

 -table surveying, 94, 107 

 Platting angles, 119 



by latitude and longitude, 



57 

 Platting by intersection, 



Plane-table, 109 

 by resection, Plane-table, 



109 

 Point of curve, 162 



of frog of railroad switch ,24 1 



of spiral, 172 



of switch, 241 



of tangent, 162 



switch, 241 



switch, To lay out, 255 



-switch turnouts, Table of 



dimensions of, 246 

 switches, Turnout dimen- 

 sions for, 245 



Polar distance of a star, 140 

 Polaris at elongation. Deter- 

 mination of meridian by, 

 147 

 at elongation, Table of 



azimuths of, 148 

 Determination of latitude 



by, 151 



Table of time of upper cul- 

 mination of, 145 

 Poles of celestial sphere, 139 



Sounding, 123 

 Polygons, 11 

 Portland cement, 306 



-cement mortar, 309 

 Power, Definition of, 258 



required for pumping, 381 

 Pozzuolana cement, 307 

 Practical astronomy, 138 

 Precision in chain surveying, 



33 



in city surveying, 135 

 Pressure, Atmospheric, 346 

 head, 351 



of liquids on surfaces, 345 

 Prime vertical circle, 140 

 Prism, 17 



Frustum of, 18 

 Prismoid, 16 



Prismoidal correction, 199 

 Profile, 87 



Grade, 194 



Protractor, Three-arm, 127 

 Pumping, Power required for, 

 381 



water, Cost of, 381 

 Pyramid, Frustum of reg- 

 ular, 17 



Regular, 17 



R 



Radii and deflections, Table 



of, 160 

 Radius and deflection angle, 



Relation between, 159 

 of gyration, 268 

 Railroad location, 222, 224 

 location, Curvature in, 226 

 location, Final grade lines 



in, 227 



location, Preliminary esti- 

 mate for, 223 



location, Preliminary sur- 

 vey for, 223 

 location, Reconnaissance 



for, 222 

 location, Vertical curves in, 



230 

 spikes per mile of track, 



Table of, 237 

 switch, Frogs of a, 241 

 switch, Guard-rails of a, 242 

 switch, Heels and toes of, 



240 



switch, Throw of a, 240 

 Rails for trackwork, 234 

 pairs of angle bars, and 



bolts per mile of track. 



Table of number of, 236 

 required per mile of track, 



Table of weight of. 236 

 Rules for curving, 238 

 Table of middle ordinates 



for curving, 239 

 Table of spaces between 



ends of, 238 

 Table of weights and 



dimensions of standard, 



235 

 Rankine's formula, Constants 



for, 298 



