EARTHWORK 

 SHRINKAGE OF EARTHWORK 



217 



number of cubic yards of excavation required for 1,000 cu. yd. 

 of embankment, and the per cent, of growth for the various 

 sizes of hard rock. 



GROWTH OF ROCK 



HAULAGE 



Limit of Free Haul. Specifications for earthwork usually 

 allow the contractor extra compensation for transporting 

 material beyond a certain distance, say 800, or, perhaps, 

 1,000 ft., which distance is called the limit of free-haul. No 

 deduction is made for hauls that are less than the specified 

 limit; but in cases of long hauls, he receives compensation for 

 overhaul only; that is, only for the distance exceeding the 



