CONTENTS xv 



THE CENOZOIC ERA 



CHAPTER XXVII 

 THE EOCENE PERIOD 



FORMATIONS AND PHYSICAL HISTORY 772 



The Eastern coast, 774. The Pacific coast, 774. The Western 

 interior, 776. The Northwest, 778. General considerations, 

 778. Close of the Eocene in North America, 780. Eocene in 

 other continents, 780. 



EOCENE LIFE 784 



Transition from the Mesozoic, 784. Vegetation, 786. Land ani- 

 mals, 787. Marine life, 794. Climate, 797. 



OLIGOCENE FORMATIONS 797 



LIFE OF THE OLIGOCENE 801 



CHAPTER XXVIII 

 THE MIOCENE PERIOD 



FORMATIONS AND PHYSICAL HISTORY . 805 



Altantic coast, 805. Gulf coast, 807. Pacific coast, 807. Non- 

 marine deposits, 811. Igneous activity during the Miocene, 812. 

 Close of the Miocene, 813. Miocene outside North America, 815. 



LIFE OF THE MIOCENE 818 



Land plants, 818. Land animals, 819. Marine life, 824. Pro- 

 vincialism dominant, 824. 



CHAPTER XXIX 

 THE PLIOCENE PERIOD 



FORMATIONS AND PHYSICAL HISTORY 828 



Lafayette formation, 829. Marine Pliocene, 835. The Atlantic 

 coast, 835. The Pacific coast, 835. Crustal movements of the 

 Pliocene, 835. Foreign Pliocene, 840. 



LIFE OF THE PLIOCENE : 840 



Land plants, 840. Land animals, 841. Marine life, 845. 



CHAPTER XXX 



THE PLEISTOCENE OR GLACIAL PERIOD 



GENERAL 846 



Distribution of glaciation, 846. Criteria of glaciation, 849. The 

 development and thickness of ice-sheets, 861. Stages in the 

 history of an ice-sheet, 863. 



