236 



GEOLOGY 



motion.. Such a glacier is called a reconstructed glacier. The pre- 

 cipitous cliffs of the Greenland coast furnish illustrations. 



Of the foregoing types of glaciers, ice-caps far exceed all others 

 both in size and importance, while valley glaciers outrank the 

 remaining types; but since the valley glaciers are the most familiar, 

 the general phenomena of glaciers will be discussed with primary 

 reference to them. 



Fig. 195. Glaciers intermediate in type between a cliff glacier and a valley 

 glacier. Cascade Mountains, Wash. (Willis, U. S. Geol. Surv.) 



General Phenomena of Glaciers 1 



Dimensions. Valley glaciers sometimes occupy only tin* upper 

 parts of mountain valleys, sometimes extend through them, ami 



The following list includes many of the more available articles ami 



treatises on existing glaciers; others are referred to in the following ]> 



Alaskan glaciers: Reid, (1) Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. IV, pp. 1<> 55 

 Sixteenth Ann. Kept., U. S. Geol. Surv., Part I, pp. 421-461. Huss.-ll. il) 

 Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol. Ill, pp. 176-188; (2) Jour, of Geol., Vol. I, pp. _>!'. -' 1"> 



Glaciers in the United States: (1) Russell, Eighteenth Ann. Krpt.. I 

 Geol. Surv., Part II, pp. 379-409; (2) Glaciers of North America . 



Greenland glaciers: Chamberlin, Jour, of Geol., Vol. II. pp. 7<is ,ss; \<>1. 

 III, pp. 61-69, 198-218, 469-480, 565-582, 668-681, and 8*5 843; Vol. IV. 

 pp. 582-592. Salisbury, Jour, of Geol., Vol. IV, pp. 769-810. 



General: Shaler and Davis, Illustrations of the Earth's Surface. 



