THE WORK OF SNOW AND ICE 



261 



upturned layers of ice outcrop at the surface (Fig. 215). That the 

 material of these moraines was originally basal is abundantly 

 demonstrated in many cases by the bruised and scratched condition 



Fig. 214. End of a North Greenland glacier, showing the upturning of the 

 layers of ice at the end. This structure is common in North Greenland. 

 At one point, a few stones are seen on the surface of the ice where an 

 upturned layer comes to the surface. 



of the bowlders and pebbles, and sometimes by the nature of the 

 material itself. The upturning sometimes affects the edges of 



Fig. 215. Surface terminal moraines due to upturning. Edge of the ice- 

 sheet, North Greenland. 



