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GEOLOGY 



siderable distance which is said to have been opened during an 

 earthquake (Fig. 281). Locally, it gapes several feet. During an 

 earthquake which shook the South Island of New Zealand in 1848, 

 "a fissure was formed averaging 18 inches in width, and traceable 



Fig. 280. Map showing the principal earthquake regions of the New World. 

 (Montessus de Ballore.) 



for a distance of 60 miles, parallel to the axis of the adjacent moun- 

 tain chain." * The development of fractures or the opening of 

 joints is sometimes accompanied by faulting. This was the case 

 in Japan during the earthquakes of October 28, 1891, when the 

 1 Geilde, Text-book of Geology, 4th ed., p. 372. 



