940 GEOLOGY 



tural and ornamental materials of stone and day. These now 

 influence man's distribution and activities far more than formerly, 

 and they are quite certain to be more influential still in the future. 



The distribution and activities of men have also recently come 

 to be affected by the distribution of rejuvenated streams that arose 

 from the deformations of the late Tertiary periods, and by the 

 stream-diversions of the glacial period, both of which have furnished 

 sources of water-power heretofore neglected in the main. With 

 little doubt, such native sources of power are to play an increasingly 

 large part in human affairs as time goes on and the stored fuels are 

 exhausted. 



With the increasing complexity of human activities, the locali- 

 zation of the race will more and more depend on combinations of 

 resources and of conditions; but it is difficult to see beyond the day 

 when persistent fertility of the soil, under favorable climatic con- 

 ditions, co-ordinated with great supplies of ores, fuels, and structural 

 materials, will not constitute a decisive and controlling advantage. 



Provincialism giving place to cosmopolitanism. The early 

 history of human dispersal was marked by pronounced provincial- 

 ism. The early peoples were much isolated by distance and by 

 natural barriers, and they often interposed artificial barriers against 

 free inter-communication, and hence against the development of a 

 common cosmopolitan type. So long as hunting and fishing were 

 the dominant pursuits, a wider and wider dispersion into small 

 tribes was a necessary tendency, which was abetted by conflict of 

 interests. That such artificial sources of provincialism were more 

 effective than natural ones seems to be implied by the fact that 

 while physiological differences sufficiently marked to readily char- 

 acterize varieties were numbered by hundreds, dialects sufficiently 

 different to prevent free intercourse were numbered by thousands. 

 Provincial sentiment to-day manifests itself more conspicuously in 

 language than in most other ways. The tendency to provincialism. 

 however, has never gone so far as to divide the race into distinct 

 species. 



When efficient water-transportation was developed and the 

 control of the sea attained, a period of cosmopolitan tendency \\.i- 

 inaugurated. This has been greatly accelerated in the last lew 



