CINCHONA 



TURK" 8UCCIRUBRA 



Cultivation 



C. offlcinalls, Hook. ; the LOXA or CROWN BARK, the PALE Crown 



U:K <>f commerce. This is a native of Ecuador and Peru, and with Bark. 

 sm ii nhr<i was the species assigned by Markham to his colleague 

 ;oiliscMVi'i - . It is grown at high elevations (above 7,000 feet) in the 

 Km ami Si k kim, but not extensively. It is a weak, straggling 

 3, attaining at most only 20 feet in height. Its cultivation in Sikkim 

 almost abandoned owing to the climate being too 

 !>ut it is perhaps the most important of the species grown in the 

 hills. 



C. succirubra, Pavon ; the RED BARK. This is largely cultivated Red Bark. 

 the hills of South India at altitudes of from 4,500 to 6,000 feet ; at South India. 



altitudes the growth is too small to make its cultivation profit- 

 t-. On the hills east of Toungoo in Burma and in some parts of the 

 itpura range of Central India it is grown, and also met with in the Govern- 

 ent plantations of Sikkim, but is not popular, and is rapidly being re- 

 by lji'il<i<Tian<i. It is a hardy plant with a bold sturdy stem, 

 rich and sheltered situations it grows to the height of 50 feet or more, 

 leaves are bright apple-green in colour, the plantation in consequence 

 jkiiig light and bright while one of C. offldnalis looks dark and gloomy. 



CULTIVATION. 



Climate and Soil. None of the medicinal species will stand frost, 

 jugh they prefer a cool climate in which the contrasts between 

 imer and winter and between da) r and night are not very great. 

 Ootacamund, about 7,500 feet above the sea, the minimum lowest 

 iperature in the shade is about 49 and the maximum 69 F. ; at 

 Idiwattum, 2,000 feet lower, the minimum is about 54 and 

 le maximum 66 F. In the Rangbi Valley, Sikkim, at 3,332 feet in 

 fcitude the minimum may be given as 40 and the maximum at 

 F. This might be spoken of as ideal for suwirtibra but rather 

 for < 'a lisa i/a. A more congenial climate for both species would 

 jrefore be at an altitude of 2,500 feet. In the matter of humidity, the 

 luirements of the cinchona were at first misunderstood. It has been 

 id in the Nilgiris that all the species (particularly the red barks) 

 ithstand longer droughts than were thought possible. All the species 

 surne a yellow tint during the rains, and in the Nilgiris all make their 

 lost vigorous growth during the time when sunshine and shower alternate. 

 Sikkim snrrirubra makes most progress during the latter half of 

 ic rains, but both on the Nilgiris and on the Himalaya the plants con- 

 me to grow for two months after the rains cease. The rainfall of Oota- 

 imund is about 44 inches, that of Neddiwattum 105 inches per annum, 

 le rainfall of the Sikkim Plantations of Rangbi is about 166 inches. The 

 Bcies are impatient of stagnant moisture, and therefore require an open 

 ivelly subsoil, a sloping exposure, and a rich loam (especially so if of 

 )lcanic origin) to dry clay soil. Accordingly they succeed better on 

 cently cleared forest than on old exposed grassy lands. 

 Propagation. They may be raised from seeds or multiplied by cuttings 

 layerings. The seeds may be sown in open beds of specially prepared 

 soil shaded by a temporary roof, or in shallow boxes. The seeds should 

 be sown somewhat thickly and sprinkled over with fine soil. They should 

 be watered fairly freely, and in six weeks they will germinate. When the 

 seedlings have got two or three pairs of leaves they should be transplanted 



305 20 



Cultiva- 

 tion. 



Climate 

 and Soil. 



Temperature. 



Humidity. 



Rainfall. 



Soil. 



Propagation. 



Seed: Cuttings 

 Layeringa. 



Transplanting. 



