CLAYS 



LIME-JUICE: OIL OF LEMON POTTERY 



in the merest outline of this subject. Details of cultivation, of the 

 o which the various species are liable, as well as of their re- 

 1 1 \e industrial and medicinal uses, have had to be all but omitted (see 

 legar, p. 1110). Consult the Pharmacographia Indica for therapeutic 

 i IK! for particulars regarding the perfumes, Gildemeister and Hoff- 

 V<>hitile Oils (1900, 460-85) ; as also the admirable paper by Burgess 

 ild in the Journal Society Chemical Industry (December 1901). 

 The cultivation of oranges, lemons, pomelos and limes of India, if induwi 

 mised on a more extended and systematic fashion than at present, r * ta v a * at *- 

 ild of necessity involve full advantage being taken of each and every 

 able outlet, such as the preservation of the fruit (candied), the pro- 

 duction of lime-juice, and the manufacture of perfumes and oils (citral, 



unot. neroli, etc., etc.). The "oil of lemon" is one of the chief on of Lemon 



ies of Sicily. The summer crop is exported as fresh fruit, the 

 unn or winter crop is manufactured locally into the juice and oil for 

 ;h that island is famed. But it is regarded as very injurious to allow 

 to fruit twice a year, and hence the December crop is, as a rule, 

 ferred. The lemon begins to yield when five years old. When fifteen 

 renty years it gives 1,000 fruits, and when full grown may afford from 

 MKK) to 5,000. In the production of oil and juice, the fruit is cut into pieces, 

 ulp scooped out from these, the peel soaked in water for an hour 

 or two, and then pressed by hand over a sponge in order to separate the 

 oil. If candied peel is to be prepared, only half the oil is so expressed, 

 otherwise as much as can be squeezed out is taken, and the waste peel 



n to cattle. The pulp" is pressed for juice and the residue used as 

 .e food. Such is in brief the process usually adopted in the preparation 

 mon oil and lemon juice in Sicily. 

 f an Indian industry were therefore organised, a large share in the Future 

 profits of cultivation would have to be derived from these and other Tradc - 

 sources. Much care would have to be expended in selecting the best 

 and in ascertaining if the lime, in place of the lemon, would meet 

 the necessities of trade. The lime would in all probability be better 

 to the climate of most districts of India, but there exists a wide 

 je of forms from which to select. To organise an export traffic in fresh 

 it, it would be indispensable to have special shipping arrangements, 

 the fruit would be greatly injured if consigned to the hold along 

 mixed cargoes. Quick transit, careful packing, and good storage are 

 itial to success. [Cf. Kew Bull, 1892, 108 ; 1894, 114 ; 1895, 266-71.] 



CLAYS, BRICKS, PpTTERY, ETC.-Ceramic Art and D.E.P., 

 r ares. Montgomery Martin, Hist. E. Ind. (compiled from Buch.- ii., 360-8. 

 Ham. Repts.), 1838, i., 347-9, 535-6; ii., 165, 167-72.. 256-7, 948-55, Clays. 

 pi. xiv. ; iii., 208, 681 ; Mallett, Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1889, xxii., 

 139-48; Holland, Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1905, xxxii., pt. i., 104. 

 The gii, chikni, chikita, mati, sangi-i-dalam, kdli-munnu, tannab, krishna 

 ha, etc. 



T. H. Holland, Director of the Geological Survey of India, in his 

 r of Mineral Production (I.e. 104), observes that " no statistics 

 approaching any degree of completeness are obtainable to show the extent 

 of the undoubtedly great industrial value of the clays in India. They 

 include the common clays used all over the country for the manufacture 

 of bricks, tiles, and the cheaper forms of pottery ; finer varieties, used 



327 



