BKH'K AND TILE WORKS 



Koolfed. 



CLAYS 



MEDICINAL 

 CLAYS 



that the clay employed is not always the beat 



,iill In- ilc>iiv<l or ili-i-ovi-n-,1, were a search made a little 



thrr ati"l<l. Finally, of course, the Iinliiia climate is a very serious 

 ouideration. 



With r.-iMnl to Native-made bricks, interesting particulars have been pub- 

 li..h,Ml l.y !!,..> i .V. ,.;;/. Trade and Manuf. N. Ind., 1880. 102). He there Price. 

 .-s that nooil hrii-ks of the size used in Government buildings are sold by 

 mala at Ra. 7 per 1,000," whilst the " imperfectly burnt are called 

 ami s.-ll at Rs. 4 per 1,000." Lucknow. of which Hoey was specially 

 naturally a great brick-burning centr<\ owin^r to the lack of stone 

 ut- Oniariii-ntal bricks, moulded on the face with figures and patterns, 

 re formi'i-ly made in many parts of Bengal. Good examples are to be seen 

 some of the temples in Chandernagore and Hughli, but more especially at 

 temple near Dinajpur. In North India, more especially in 

 lore, carved bricks may be seen in the buildings of the well-to-do. 

 It \\oul.l seem likely, however, that the most important brick-making centre 

 Tn.lia i- tlu> immediate neighbourhood of Calcutta. Tanks are dug that Calcutta. 



desired, be flooded from the river. A deposit of fine clay is laid down 

 successive floodings are made till a workable bed of clay has been secured. 

 .s are unfortunately not available as to the extent of production, but 

 it the traffic is large can be judged by the fact that practically all the better- 

 houses of Calcutta are constructed entirely of brick. It is said that the 

 st brick factory in India is that of Akra. near Calcutta, which turns out 

 to 30 million bricks annually. The Calcutta bricks are, for the most part, 



by furnaces, not kilns. [Cf. Min. Rev., 1898, 59.] 



Tiles. The firms concerned in the manufacture of bricks are also, in 

 >ses, producers as well of tiles, pipes, etc. To a very large extent 

 ichine-made tiles, being lighter, better and more durable, are displacing 

 old heavy clay tiles made by village potters. 



Brick and Tile Works. It is sometimes affirmed, however, that the 

 st tiies employed in India are still imported from Europe, the price 

 sing Rs. 15 per 100 (Capital, Oct. 15, 1903). In the S. Kanara district 

 re were in 1894, 1,097 brick and tile burners and sellers ; also eleven 

 rick and tile factories in the town of Mangalore, eight being managed by 

 itives. Mr. Sturrock estimated the annual outturn of bricks at ttiese 

 stories to be 300,000, most of which are exported by sea to Bombay and 

 ler west-coast ports. The manufacturers sell the bricks at Rs. 35 per 

 [Cf. Man. S. Kanara, 1895, 143-5.] According to official statistics, 

 brick and tile works or factories throughout India employed in 1902, 

 255 persons ; in 1903, 6,435 ; and in 1904 double the number, viz. 13,781. 

 lese figures are admittedly open to question since they can hardly include 

 Native brick- makers, but represent rather the personnel of the Brick, 

 le and Pottery Works run on European methods, such as those at 

 Raniitanj, Jabbalpur, Aligarh, Bareilly, Mangalore, Feroke, etc. It may 

 mentioned that at the Raniganj potteries alone over 1,400 persons 

 employed, of whom about one- quarter are women engaged in 

 >rterage. The three tile works of the Basel Mission near Mangalore 

 iployed 540 hands in 1903, and the three works at Feroke, Malabar, 

 hands. 



Fuller's-earth, also Edible and Medicinal Clays. D.E.P, 



There is little information of a recent nature on these materials. Rauwolf. " 361-2. 

 who travelled in the East (in the middle of the 16th century), mentioned Fuller's- 



Tiles. 



Brick and 

 Tile Works 



Persons 

 Employed. 



of Tripoli that an ash-coloured earth called nalun was employed for washing 

 thi' head, and that another earth called jusabar was eaten by women. 

 That sentence might be almost given as true of India to-day. A pale 



earth. 



