A RKO'Kh OK TRANSACTIONS AND PRICES 



cocos 



NUCIFERA 



Copra 



COIR ROPE 4 } to inch 



*. d. *. d. 



15 to 21 



16 21 

 15 21 



For the Month of September. 



Landed Delivered 



1907. 1907. 



190 tons. 485 tons. 

 90 106 

 .. 13 



Landed from Jan. 1 to Oct. 2. 



1907. 1906. 



. . 3,791 tons. 4,861 tons. 

 .. 786 1,144 

 112 263 



Stock 1 Oct. 2. 



1907. 1906. 1905. 



1,600 tons. 2,925 tons. 1,936 tons. 



234 621 794 



164 216 88 



Delivered from Jan. 



1907. 



4,723 tons. 

 629 ,, 

 143 



1 to Oct. 2. 



1906. 



5,012 tons. 

 1,423 

 156 



\Cf. Text. Journ., Sept. 1892 ; Morris, Cant. Lect. in Journ. Soc. Arts, 1895, 

 J2-3 ; Dodge, Useful Fibre Plants of the World, 1897, 120-3 ; Kew Bull., 1898, 

 . ser., ii.), 245-8 ; Hannan, Text. Fibres of Comm., 1902, 151-4; Dunstan 

 Inst. Tech. Repta., 1903, i., 79.] [For Trade, see Collective Statement in 

 >coanut Products, pp. 362-3.] 



COPRA (KOPRA) AND OIL. The kernel of the cocoanut sliced and 

 ied either in the sun or artificially is called Copra (Kopra). It contains 

 jm 30 to 50, some say even up to 70 per cent, of fixed oil. The fully 

 ipe cocoanuts only are used in making copra, but though the quantity is 

 the quality is said to be higher in three-quarters ripe than in fully ripe 

 its. But the oil may be expressed either from the fresh kernel or from 

 dried kernel, and by a hot wet or dry cold process. Artificially dried 

 i is often smoked, and as this colours the oil its value is thereby lowered. 

 Oochran (Man. Chem. Anal. ; also Trop. Agri., May 1, 1893, xii., 

 July 1, 1899, xix., 44) gives the composition of copra thus : moisture 

 per cent. ; oil 67 per cent. ; albuminoids 6'69 per cent. ; carbohydrates 

 v21 per cent. ; woody fibre 2'11 per cent. ; and ash 2'99 per cent, 

 smler (I.e. 653) observes that sun-dried copra contains about 50 per cent, 

 oil, artificially dried 60 per cent., and if dried at the boiling point of 

 rater it may contain 66 per cent. 



OIL Dunstan (Edible Oils, I.e. 129) gives his examination of 

 lalabar, Bengal and Bombay samples. The Malabar had an acid value 

 KOH of 35*21 as compared with Bengal 1T84, and Bombay 9*95 ; the 

 iponification value of Malabar was 258'2, Bengal being 255*6, and Bombay 

 5 ; the iodine value of Malabar was 8*54, of Bengal 8'41, and of 

 wnbay 8'25 ; the Reichert-meissel value of all three was found to be 

 icr than the ordinary standard, viz. Malabar 6'71, Bengal 6*79, and 

 wnbay 6' 65 ; lastly the melting-points were Malabar 23'5 C., Bengal 

 ;5 C., and Bombay 25'0 C. Blount and Bloxam (Chem. for Engin. and 

 lanuf., 1900, 236) give the saponification of this oil as 209 to 228 and 

 ine absorption as 7 to 9. [Of. Greshoff, Rept. Kolon. Mus. Haarlem, 

 ; Bachofen, Complete Anal, of Cocoanut, showing its demands on the 

 in Times of Ceylon, Nov. 1899.] 



Extraction. Various methods of obtaining the oil are resorted to : 

 example, when pure colourless oil is required the copra is boiled with 

 iter, grated and squeezed, the resulting emulsion being again boiled till 

 le oil rises to the surface. This is thus a hot wet process. If fresh kernels 

 used this is called dvel oil, and if from copra it is muthel. Moreover 

 there are several special modifications chiefly intended to produce the very 



357 



Copra, 



Methods of 

 Preparation. 



Composition. 



Chemical 

 Property. 



Oil. 



Trade Qualities 



Extraction. 



Boiling. 





