COIX 



Job's Tears 



Export 

 from India. 



Itise and Fall 

 in Traffic 

 with U.K. 



Total Exports. 



Indian 

 Production. 



Eeceiving 

 Countries. 

 United 

 Kingdom. 



Prance. 



Ceylon. 



World's 

 Production. 



Consumption. 



JD.E.P., 



ii., 491-500. 



Job's 



Tears. 



History. 



Beads (Bedes) 



WOKLD'S PRODUCTION OF COFFEE 



by 1853-4 coffee figured among the standard exports from India. In 

 that year the supplies drawn by the United Kingdom from India were 

 valued at Ks. 4,75,980. Ten years later (1863-4) they were Ks. 38,43,910 ; 

 in 1873-4 they were Rs. 73,98,530 ; in 1883-4 they were Es. 1,06,21,380 ; by 

 still another decade (1893-4) they had begun to shrink, being then valued 

 at Ks. 99,61,631. Turning now to the returns of the total trade for the 

 past six years : the exports in 1901-2 were 255,042 cwt., Rs. 1,25,02,200 ; 

 in 1902-3, 269,165 cwt., Rs. 1,32,12,628 ; in 1903-4, 291,254 cwt., 

 Rs. 1,36,73,773 ; in 1904-5, 329,647 cwt., Rs. 1,66,09,757 ; in 1905-6, 

 360,182 cwt., Rs. 1,75,67,240 ; and in 1906-7, 228,094 cwt., Rs. 99,64,778. 

 The Madras ports furnished the entire amounts, less a fluctuating quantity 

 of from 1,000 to 10,000 cwt. exported mainly from Bombay. Of the 

 receiving countries the United Kingdom heads the list, the consignments 

 thence having been in 1901-2, 116,584 cwt., Rs. 64,25,838 ; in 1902-3, 

 155,501 cwt., Rs. 85,10,903 ; in 1903-4, 152,452 cwt., Rs. 82,71,186 ; 

 in 1904-5, 187,344 cwt., Rs. 1,05,02,674 ; in 1905-6, 172,384 cwt., 

 Rs. 96,74,780 ; and in 1906-7, 82,358 cwt., Rs. 41,22,420 a valuation 

 about equal to that of the supply taken by the United Kingdom in 1883-4. 

 These returns thus allow a comparison to be made with the valuations 

 quoted above of the Indian exports since 1853. After the United King- 

 dom, France has to be mentioned as the next most important receiving 

 country of Indian coffee ; during the past five years the exports to that 

 country have averaged a little over 100,000 cwt. And after France 

 comes Ceylon, which during the same period has taken on an average 

 over 20,000 cwt. of Indian coffee a year. 



The world's production of coffee has been estimated as close on 

 15 million bags (132 Ib. each), of which 11 million bags are furnished by 

 Brazil. The greatest coffee-consuming countries are Holland (18-82 Ib. 

 per head, calculated on population of 1900), Belgium (10-53 Ib.), and the 

 United States of America (10-60 Ib.). After these come Germany (6-6 Ib.), 

 France (4-79 Ib.), Austria -Hungary (2-17 Ib.), and the United Kingdom 

 (0-90 Ib.). 



Conclusion. For further details of the Medicinal Properties, the 

 Chemical Composition, the Fiscal Regulations (in India and England) 

 and other such topics, the reader is referred to the library of technical 

 works that exists on these and kindred subjects. Practically every report 

 or book of importance has been consulted in preparing the present brief 

 account, and the citation of publications, paragraph by paragraph, should 

 therefore prove helpful to those who desire fuller details. 



COIX, Linn. ; Agri. Ledg., 1904, No. 13 ; Fl. Br. Ind., vii., 99-100 ; 

 GRAMINE^E. Job's Tears, gurgur, jargadi, sankru, jhonki, Tea-si. Jcessi, 

 kesai, etc., etc. 



History. So much attention was given by the early botanical writers to 

 the subject of Coise that the inference might be drawn that it must formerly have 

 been a plant more extensively cultivated than at the present day. It is generally 

 believed to be the Lithospermon of Pliny (bk. 27, ch. xi. (Holland, transl.), 

 1601, ii., 284). In most of the early works Lithospermon or Coix is spoken of, 

 however, as a wild plant, or one cultivated as a curiosity only. Gerarde, Parkin- 

 son, Miller, etc., all allude to the use of the seeds as beads (be*des). The cir- 

 cumstance mentioned by some of the more directly botanical authors, such as 

 Bumphius and Loureiro, that coix was regularly cultivated in Eastern countries 

 as an article of food, seems to have escaped consideration. 



One of the most beautiful of the early drawings of this plant is that given 



392 



