DAIRY FARMING 



Trade in Milk 



DAHI 



Immediate 

 Separation. 



Bombay took 

 the Lead. 



European 



Dairies 



Organised. 



Imports. 



D.E.P., 

 iii., 4-5. 

 Dahi. 



Dahi versus 

 Curd. 



cylinder at once, therefore, separates into cream in the middle and milk on 

 the outside, and these two portions are conveyed away by separate pipes 

 into the vessels placed for their reception. The milk can be separated im- 

 mediately on its being taken from the cow. It is not required to be 

 exposed in a large number of shallow basins ; the milk as drawn from the 

 cow may at once be placed in the separator. By a hand separator from 

 thirty to forty gallons may be disposed of per hour. Obviously such results 

 and advantages were of interest to every one in India, and it is no matter 

 for surprise, therefore, that the new system attained almost immediate 

 popularity. In June 1890 the late Mr. Ozanne, then Commissioner of 

 Settlements and Agriculture, Bombay, obtained permission to employ 

 Mr. Keventer, who had been Mr. Howman's assistant, and to purchase two 

 separators. In a remarkably short time dairies, managed on the European 

 system, sprang into existence here and there all over India. The fact of 

 the double produce, (a) butter (gJii) and (6) milk, from which mawa could 

 be manufactured, was sufficient justification. All the larger towns of India 

 are now rapidly being supplied with superior butter, also with sterilised 

 milk and cream, conveyed in sealed cans or bottles. As might have been 

 anticipated, however, the greatest progress has been made in the Bombay 

 Presidency where the experiment originated. 



Trade in Milk. Absolutely no information can be given regarding 

 the internal trade in milk. Within the past few years the foreign 

 traffic has been officially recorded. In 1902-3 the imports of condensed 

 milk were 1 ,490,154 lb., valued at Rs. 4,08,251 ; the following year, 1903-4, 

 they had suddenly expanded to 4,137,066 lb., valued at Rs.11,34,187 ; 

 and in 1906-7 became 6,196,492 lb. and Rs. 17,68,347. 



[Cf. Dutt, Mat. Med. Hind., 1900, 281-3 ; Leather, Europ. Dairying Ind., 

 Agri. Ledg., 1893, No. 17 ; 1900, No. 19 ; Mollison, Milk and Milk Products, 

 I.e. 1895, No. 5 ; Fleischmann, I.e. 6-159 ; Dairy Farms, Bengal Command 

 Admin. Rept., 1899-1903 ; Collis Barry, Legal Med. Ind., 1903, 562 ; Meagher 

 and Vaughan, Dairy Farming in Ind., 1904, 80-8 ; Imp. Gaz., I.e. ; Watt, 

 Journ. Pharm. Soc. Gt. Brit., Oct. 6, 1906.] 



2. DAHI OR CURDLED BOILED MILK. The names most generally 

 given to thickened or coagulated or specially soured boiled milk are dahi, 

 dadhi, khoyd, mdvd, tyre, etc. It is usually prepared by throwing boiled 

 and partially evaporated milk into a vessel that has contained dahi, but 

 has not been subsequently washed. At other times a certain quantity of 

 dahi or some other acid substance is added to the boiled milk, or a vegetable 

 or animal rennet is employed. Sen, speaking of Dacca, observes that, 

 " To understand the method of preparation of dadhi of superior quality, 

 we should remember that its formation depends on a fermentation of milk, 

 and that milk undergoes a number of other fermentations besides that of 

 dadhi, and that the particular fermentation it will undergo depends on 

 the conditions under which this takes place. It is only when the milk is 

 kept at a certain temperature, when a given quantity of dadhi of a particu- 

 lar degree of sourness is mixed with it, and when the extraneous germs of 

 which the atmosphere is full are excluded from it, that the dadhi fermenta- 

 tion takes place properly." " A preparation of sugar, batasha and spices 

 is sometimes added to the milk which is set to undergo the dadhi fermen- 

 tation." 



As a rule Muhammadans only will use animal rennet, and the vegetable 

 rennets such as inthania coagulant are not very widely known. Hence 

 dahi differs from curd, as prepared in Europe, in being practically sour 



474 



