EUGENIA 



CARYOFHYLLATA 



Clove 

 D.E.P., 

 iii, 284-5. 



Jaman 



THE CLOVE PLANT 



Plum. 



Varieties. 



Wine. 

 Brandy. 



Medicine. 



Silkworms. 

 Timber. 



Sacred. 



D.E.P., 

 iii., 287-8. 

 Hose-apple. 



D.E.P., 

 iii., 288. 

 Malay 

 Apple. 



D.E.P., 

 iii., 289. 

 Rai-jaman. 



D.E.P., 

 ii., 202-6. 

 Clove. 



European 



Names. 



E. (Zyzygium) Jambolana, Lam.; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 499; the 

 Black plum, Jaman-plum, jdmbu, jdman, jam, jdmbul, kuda, naval, 

 nerale, zebri, thabyebyu, etc., and perin-njara, according to Eheede (Hort. 

 Mai, 1676, v., t. 29). 



A small evergreen tree met with throughout India and Burma, ascending 

 the hills to about 6,000 feet. Is chiefly found along river-beds and is specially 

 cultivated for its FRUIT in gardens (topes) and in avenues. There are several 

 varieties that yield much better flavoured fruit than others, but as a rule it 

 is astringent, and only serviceable when cooked in tarts and puddings. In 

 Goa a wine is prepared from it, and a spirit (jambava) is spoken of, by recent 

 Sanskrit authors, as distilled from the jambu. Some years ago brandy was made 

 at Monghyr from the fermented fruit. The jdman is extensively used all over India 

 in the manufacture of vinegar (see pp. 1109-10). Recently attention has been 

 directed to the SEEDS as a cure for Diabetes Mellitus (Christy, New. Comm. PL, 

 1893, No. 8, 77 ; Pharmacog. Ind., ii., 25-9). The tasar SILKWORM is said to feed 

 on the leaves of the tree. The TIMBER is fairly durable and is largely employed 

 for building purposes, for agricultural implements and for well-work, since it 

 resists the action of water. It gives a good fuel. The jdmbu is one of the 

 trees held in veneration by the Buddhists (Monier Williams, Buddhism, 576), and 

 is often planted near Hindu temples because regarded as sacred to Krishna. [Cf. 

 Baber, Memoirs, 325 ; Garcia de Orta, Coll., xxviii. ; Linschoten, Voy. E. 

 Ind. (ed. Hakl. Soc.), ii., 29 ; Taleef Shereef (Playfair, transl.), 65 ; Buchanan- 

 Hamilton (Stat. Ace. Dinaj., 156), etc.] 



E. (Jambosa) Jambos, Linn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 474. A small 

 tree cultivated here and there throughout India, and probably wild in 

 Eastern Bengal and Assam. The Rose-apple, guldb-jdman (i.e. rose- 

 jdman) and nati-schambu, according to Rheede (Hort. Mai., i., t. 18). 



This fruit is met with throughout Northern and Eastern Bengal, Assam, 

 Manipur, and the Naga hills, and has in these countries all the appearance of 

 having been long acclimatised, if not indigenous. The FRUIT is produced during 

 the rainy season, and is about the size of a small apple. By many persons 

 it is highly esteemed on account of its delicate flavour, but is not juicy enough 

 to be a universal favourite. The tree is very ornamental, and is often seen in 

 gardens even where the fruit is not appreciated. [Cf. Boym, Fl. Sin., 1656, 

 pi. F. ; Buchanan-Hamilton, I.e. 196 ; Robinson, Disc. Ace. Assam., 1841, 43.] 



E. (Jambosa) malaccensis, Linn. ; FL Br. Ind., ii., 471. The 

 Malay Apple, the Jcavika tree, malaJca jdmrul, and malacca-schambu, 

 according to Rheede (Hort. Mai., i., t. 17). 



A handsome tree, native of the Malaya but cultivated in Bengal, South India 

 and Burma on account of its fruits which are large and juicy, though rather 

 insipid. [Cf. Garcia de Orta, Coll. xxviii. ; Acosta, Tract, de las Drogas, 1578, 

 268 ; Linschoten, Voy. E. Ind. (ed. Hakl. Soc.), ii., 29 ; Forster, PI. Esc., 

 1786, 36.] 



E. (Zyzyg-ium) operculata, Roxb. ; Fl. Br. Ind., ii., 498. The 

 rai-jdman, paiman, Jciamoni, junsong, boda jam. 



A moderate-sized tree of the Sub-Himalaya from the Pan jab to Assam, Orissa, 

 N". Circars, Burma and Ceylon. It yields an edible FRUIT which ripens toward 

 the end of the hot weather. It is a valued tree in reclothing the grassy banks 

 in the sal and mixed forests, especially of North India. The TIMBER, while not 

 as good as jdman, is employed for building and in the construction of agricul- 

 tural implements. 



Eugenia earyophyllata, Thunb. (Caryophyllus aroma- 



ticus, Linn.); Woodville, Med. Bot., 1810, iii., 538-40, t. 193; 

 Smith, Rees' Cyclop., 1819, vi. ; Hooker, Bot. Mag., 1827, nn. 2749-50 ; 

 Jambosa caryophyllus, Ndz., Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam., 1893, iii., 

 pt. vii., 85. 



History. The name Clove denotes its resemblance to a nail (clavus), hence 

 clavo (Sp.), clou (Fr.), nelken (Germ.), and mekhak (Pers.). In later Sanskrit it 



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