n I'.K \N 



GOLD 



; renee 



may be left, after weeding, to the square yard. A peaty soil, or on- 

 matter, in preferred. A good manure for it is sulphate of potanh. but nitrogen 

 :>o supplied \vit)i advantage in the form of nitrate of soda, or in the oae of 

 soils poor in organic matter, in the form of rape or mustard cake. In Assam 

 i; (autumn rioe) in April and May. The dAu crop is removed in 

 nd August, and ito stubble acts as a support for the bean plants, which are 

 ready for harvest in December and January. 



inh (Food-Grain* of Ind., 1885, 1*0-3) gives the following analysis of the 

 bean : in 1 00 parts : water 1 1 -0, albuminoids 3;V3, starch and sugar 26-0, fat 18*9. 

 fibre 4'2, ami ash 4-*>. lie chemical composition thus places it above other pulses 

 as an albuminous food. It is eaten in India in the localities where it is cultivated, 

 < hit ily in the form of ddl or satu. In Japan it is largely used as a sauce, cheese 

 (natto) or paste, and in China an edible oil is obtained from the seed. If cut when 



ds are fully formed it makes a most nutritious fodder, and the seed-cake, aa Fodder. 

 already stated, is im extremely rich cattle food. [Cf. Milburn, Or. Cotnm., 1813, 



-tig. Bull., Feb. 1890. 113 ; Trop. Agrist., 1893. xiii., 50; 1903. x 

 Kiiic. ?><>/>. Auri*t.. 18U7. xvii.. 460; Itul -larch 1. 1899, 93; 



Ind, Gard., Feb. 9. 1899. ffi ; Agri. Ledg., 1903, No. 5, 137 ; Konig, Chem. 

 ZtuamtneMttz. der Mtnsch. Kahr. t 1903, i., 14S4 ; Kew. Mtu. Guide, 1907. 

 1. 05.] 



Cbemktry. 



Food. 



Origin 



'ieolcCKMlljr. 



GOLD. Ball, Man. Econ. GeoL Ind., 1881, iii., 173-230, 608-10; D.RP., 

 Mallet. .Van. GeoL Ind., 1887, iv., 1; Smith, Gold Miningin India, in Mining * 619 &* 

 Institute, 1893 ; Watt, Ifui. Rev., 1894 to 1897 ; also Mem. Res. Br. Ind., 1<L 



19-20 ; Bosworth-Smith, Kept. Kolar Gold-field and its Southern 

 Extension; 1889 ; Grundy, Repts. Insp. Gold Mines, Mysore State, 1894, 

 1895 ; Hatch, The Kolar Gold- Field, Quartz-Mining and Gold- Recovery, in 

 Mem. GeoL Surv. Ind., 1901, 1-90 (numerous plates) ; Holland, Rev. Min. 

 Prod., in Rec. GeoL Surv. Ind., 1905, xxxii., pt. i., 10, 12, 45-50. Gold has 

 been known since the most remote classic times of India ; it is indicated 

 by the following vernaculars : sona, gser, swarna, pwon, bungdrum, mas, 

 Jcanchana, shwae, run, tibr, zahab, tilla, zir, etc. 



Occurrence. Gold is known to occur throughout India in the Bengal, Production. 

 Madras and Bombay Presidencies ; in the Central Provinces, Panj&b, 

 United Provinces, Burma and many of the Native States. The ultimate 

 derivation is mainly the quartz reefs which traverse the metamorphio 

 and sub-metarnorphic series of rocks, but smaller quantities appear to 

 exist in certain chloritic schists and quartzites and possibly also in some 

 forms of gneiss. The only other sources in Peninsular India are the recent 

 and sub-recent alluvial deposits which rest on the metamorphic and 

 suh-metamorphic rocks. In extra-peninsular regions, gold is met witli 

 in rocks of different periods ; in Ladakh in quartz reefs of carboniferous 

 age ; in Kandahar in cretaceous formations ; while along the foot of the 

 Himalaya the tertiary rocks which flank the base of the hills are more or 

 less auriferous. Holland (I.e. 45) has pointed out that India occupies the 

 sixth or seventh position among the leading gold-producing countries of 

 the world, but that the total output is nevertheless insignificant, aggre- 

 j. no more than 3J per cent, of the world's annual supply. The 

 following brief abstract of the available information regarding the occur- 

 rence and production of gold, province by province, may be useful : 



Benx*l. Gold is obtained in Orissa, Midnupur. Bankura and in the Province 

 of Chota Nagpur. In recent years attention has been drawn chiefly to the 

 latter, where, under the control of the Geological Department, an extensive 

 survey for gold has been conducted by several officers whose publications are 

 mentioned below. The area examined covers part of the districts of Manbhura 

 and Singhbum, with tin- tributary States of Gangpur, Bonai, Udepur and Jashpur. 

 Commenting on Mr. Maclaren's final report, the Director says that though gold is 



565 



1 -it:-:!. 



Bengal. 



ChoU Nagpur. 



