SIM) SITI'LY 



MMta, 



Seed. 



GOSSYPIUM 



CULTIVATION 



Pan jab 



568,307 cwt. As the outturn in the same year was 732,142 cwt., it thus 

 exceeded the net export by 163,835 cwt. The largest quantity goes to 

 tli.- port town of Karachi, while considerable quantities also are consigned 

 to the towns of Bombay and Calcutta. The imports come chiefly from 

 i In- I 'iiit.-.l Provinces. Delhi is the most important manufacturing centre 

 in the province. 



Soils, Manures, etc. The soil of the Panjab is generally well suited to the Soik. 

 cult ivution of cotton, if irrigated or subject to inundation. All kinds of productive 



appear equally well adapted. Manure is frequently applied, and irrigation Manor*. 

 .it her by canals or wells is the general rule. In some of the eastern districts 

 .linn is raised as an unirrigated crop, but nearly always in positions where 

 iiiiu' plants can, if necessary, be watered from a neighbouring tank. The 

 is generally mixed with others, of which the commonest are tu, melons and 

 pulses. Throughout the eastern districts it is the usual practice to sow 

 ifi/.isi-if* i i,n,ii>i,inH in strips along the edge of the cotton fields, or in 

 alternate rows with the crop. In the Central Panjab certain leguminous crops 

 (species of .fifHiotnn, r>i,,,,nfii,,. etc.) are commonly sown with the cotton, 

 as an after crop to be used as fodder for well-bullocks. 



Seasons, Crop, etc. The period of sowing varies in different parts of the 

 province and is largely influenced by the rainfall and the race of plant grown, 

 as also the altitude of locality. In Gurgaon from March to May it is sown near 

 wells, or where there are other means of irrigation, and in June to July on rain 

 lands as soon as the first showers break. In Shahpur and other districts sowings 

 generally go on fr6m the middle of February to the end of March, and in well- 

 watered lands to April or May. The seed is sown broadcast at about the rate of 

 8 to 12 seers to the acre. The crop requires to be weeded and watered several Crop. 

 times during growth. Picking takes place about November and December. 

 The pods do not all ripen at once, and it is necessary to go over the field several 

 times. Picking ought to be completed before January owing to the danger of 

 loss from frost. It is difficult to give a precise statement as to the cost of cultiva- Cost. 

 tion. It differs considerably in some districts, and largely depends on the method 

 of irrigation and the use or not of manure. On land both irrigated and manured, 

 the highest figures quoted are in Jalandhar, Rs. 37-13-4 per acre; the lowest 

 in Jhang, Rs. 10-0-9 per acre. [C/. Royle, I.e. 301-9 ; Medlicott, I.e. 218-28, 

 233-42; Stewart, Pb. PL, 1869, 22; Diet. Oaz. Pb., 1890-1902; Settl. Rept. 

 Jallandar, 1892, 123-4 ; Middleton, I.e. 14-5.] 



Kashmir. Lawrence (Valley of Kashmir, 1895, 340-1) gives the 

 following account of cotton. It is found all over Kashmir up to certain 

 elevations. Never less than three ploughings are given before sowing, 

 and the clods are also pulverised by mallets. The seeds are soaked in 

 water and mixed with ashes, but beyond this the plant receives no 

 manure. Sowing takes place at the end of April and in May, and 

 about 48 seers of seed are sown to the acre. It is cultivated only for 

 home consumption. The outturn is generally stated to be about two 

 maunds (164 Ib.) per acre. 



6. UNITED PROVINCES. Area and Production. On an average of D.E.P., 

 the five years ending 1904-5, the cotton crop in these Provinces represents 

 about 6-6 per cent, of the total cotton area in British India. In 1904-5 

 the area, including Native States within provincial boundaries, was 

 1,201,000 acres. In Agra, the districts of Aligarh, 152,407 acres ; Muttra, 

 146,981 ; Agra, 118,591 ; Bulandshahr, 109,570 ; Meerut, 76,866 ; 

 Etawah, 61,090 ; Hamerpur, 52,629 ; Cawnpore, 52,363 ; and Bdnda, 

 43,591. In Oudh, the districts of Hardoi, 11,816; Unao, 10,776; and 

 Lucknow, 2,579. The yield for the same year was 1,314,285 cwt., or 

 368,000 bales. For 1905-6 the total area for the Provinces was 1,372,000 

 acres and the outturn 394,000 bales, or 1,407,142 cwt., while the final 

 estimate for 1906-7 gives an area of 1,489,000 acres and a yield of 638,000 

 bales. In connection with this subject an interesting article by Moreland, 



605 



Kashmir. 



10&-17._ 

 and ' 



ATM and 



Production In 



