HORDEUM 



VULGARE 



THE BARLEY PLANT 



D.E.F., 

 iv., 255-9. 

 Conessi 

 Bark. 



Medicine. 



Oil. 

 Wood. 



D.E.P., 



iv., 273-84. 

 Barley. 



Varieties. 



Chandra, Beng., 1904 ; Trench, C. Prov., 1904 ; Chatterton, Madras, 1904J: 

 Colston, Burma, 1904 ; Josef Jettmar, Practice and Theory of Leather Manuf. 

 (Phelan and Hall, transl.), Jan. 1905; Lawrence, Valley of Kashmir, 1895,379; 

 Journ. Chem. Indust. (numerous articles), 1896, xv., to 1905, xxiv. ; Board of 

 Trade Journ., Oct. 1905 ; Arkill, Journ. Agri. Dept. Victoria, 1902, i., 196-9 ; 

 Leather Trades Review ; Boot and Shoe Journ. ; Textile Journ., 1898, 84 ; also 1902; 

 Hide and Leather Tech. Journ., since 1903 (these and other such technical publica- 

 tions have been consulted).] 



HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Wall.; Fl. Br. 



Ind., iii., 644 ; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timbs., 484-5 ; Prain, Beng. PL, 

 ii., 674 ; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bomb., 1904, ii., 133. APOCYNACE.E. 

 Kurchi or Conessi Bark, kara, hurra, kuda, karchi, kuar, kogar, kachri, 

 dhowda, dowla, vepali, pala, lettok kyi, etc., etc. A small deciduous tree, 

 found throughout India and Burma, ascending the lower Himalaya to 

 3,500 feet, and to a similar altitude on the hills of South India. It is an 

 associate of sal (Shored robusta) in Northern and Central India, and of 

 eng (Dipterocarpus tuber culat us) in Burma. 



Both bark and seed of this plant are among the most important MEDICINES 

 of the Hindu Materia Medica. Garcia de Orta, who wrote in 1563 (Coll., xxviii. ; 

 reprinted, in Clusius, Hist. Exot. PL, 1605, 227-8 ; also in Ball, Proc. Roy. Ir. 

 Acad. (ser. 3), i., 412), speaks of this as being called by the Portuguese herba 

 Malabarica owing to its great merit in the treatment of dysentery having been 

 made known through the people of Malabar. In The Bower Manuscript (Hoernle, 

 transl.) repeated mention is made of the drug (kutaja or vatsaka, the bark, and 

 kalinga, the seeds), as also of I'tcrorhixa Km-ron (kutuka, rohini, katukarohini, 

 etc.), both of which seem to be regarded as having very similar properties. 

 The preparation, generally in the form of a solid or liquid extract or of a decoction, 

 is astringent, anti-dysenteric and anthelmintic. Ths bark of an allied plant, 

 n'rigiitia tiiicforifi (see pp. 1131-2), has been confused with and substituted 

 for the true kurchi, and thus led to the latter having fallen somewhat into dis- 

 repute. The bark of ii'i-iylitia may be distinguished from true conessi bark 

 by its darker colour and by its not exfoliating in patches. The seeds yield a 

 fixed OIL, and among the Santals the wood ash is vised in dyeing. The WOOD 

 is white and soft, with an average weight of 38 to 40 Ib. per cubic foot. It is 

 largely used for carving, especially in Saharanpur and Bijnor districts ; in 

 Assam for furniture ; in South India for turnery. [Cf. Buchanan-Hamilton, 

 Stat. Ace. Dinaj., 1833, 151 ; Pharmacog. Ind., ii., 391-8 ; Woodrow, Oard. in 

 Ind., 1899, 382 ; Dutt, Mat. Med. Hind., 1900, 192-5 ; Yearbook of Pharmacy, 

 1897, 152; 1900, 399; Kept. Cent. Indig. Drugs. Comm., 1901, i., 2, 8-9, 11, 

 71-2, 142-3; Agri. Ledg., 1901, No. 9, 346; 1902, No. 5, 110; Barry, Legal 

 Med. Ind., 1902, 449.] 



HORDEUM VULGARE, Linn.; Fl, Br. Ind., vii., 371-2; 

 Duthie and Fuller, Field and Garden Crops, 1882, i., 9-12, t. ii. ; Kornicke, 

 Die Saatgerste, in Zeitschrift fur das Gesammte Brauwesen, 1882, v., 113-28, 

 et seq. ; De Candolle, Orig. Cult. Plants, 1884, 367-70 ; Duthie, Fodd. Grass. 

 N. Ind., 1888, 69-70 ; Lermer and Holzner, Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der 

 Gerste, 1888 ; Lisboa, Bomb. Grasses, etc., 1896, 135-7 ; Prain, Beng. 

 Plants, 1903, ii., 1231 ; GRAMINE^E. Barley, jav, suj, nas, tosa, yiirk, 

 thanzatt, satu, barli-arisi, yava, etc. 



Habitat. An annual grass producing many stems from a single grain, 

 and becoming 2 to 3 feet long. It occurs throughout the temperate and 

 extra-tropical regions of the globe, and in India is met with from the 

 plains to altitudes of 14,000 feet above the sea-level. 



There are several well-marked varieties, of which the most important 

 are : var. (a) hexasficlion, Aitchs. ; var. (ft) disticlton, Linn. ; and var. 

 (y) nndtiiii, Ard. Ifexastichon, or six-rowed barley, is that which is 



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