HORNS AND 



ANTLERS 



HORN-WORK 



D.E.P., 

 iv., 284-9. 

 Horn and 

 Horn- 

 work. 



88,523 cwt., valued at Rs. 3,59,845 ; 1901-2, 14,495 cwt., valued at 

 Rs. 59,757 ; 1902-3, 628 cwt., valued at Rs. 2,718 ; 1903-4, 21,792 

 cwt., valued at Rs. 85,505 ; 1904-5, 7,220 cwt., valued at Rs. 28,239 ; 

 1905-6, 25,948 cwt., valued at Rs. 92,487 ; 1906-7, 32,339 cwt., valued at 

 Rs. 1,09,070. 



Prices. The average wholesale price per 10 maunds during 1905 varied 

 in Bengal from Rs. 17*67 in Muzaffarpur to Rs. 19'01, in Patna ; in the 

 United Provinces from Rs. 17'6 in Meerut to Rs. 22'47 in Fyzabad ; in 

 the Panjab from Rs. 14-53 in Amritsar to Rs. 20'37 in Delhi. 



[C7/. Marco Polo, Travels (ed. Yxile), 1871, i., 150, 153 ; Fryer, New Ace. E. Ind. 

 and Pers. (ed. 1698), 119; Moorcroft, Travels, 1820, i., 204, 268, 276; 1824, ii., 384; 

 Bentham, Rev. of Targioni-Tozzetti, in Journ. Hort. Soc., 1855, ix., 135; Mason, 

 Burma and Its People (ed. 'Theobald), 1883, ii., 96 ; Church, Food-Grains of Ind., 

 1886, 99-102 ; Kew. Bull., 1888, 271-3 ; Pharmacog. Ind., 1893, iii., 615-8 ; 

 Agri. Ledg., 1892, No. 1-3 ; 1893, No. 12, 54 ; 1899, No. 7, 49 ; 1901, No. 

 4, 47; No. 10, 364-5; No. 13, 441; 1902, No. 5, 110; 1903, No. 7, 150, 

 156, 171-2; 1904, No. 6, 47; Ind. Gard., Dec. 22, 1898, 554; Thorpe, Diet. 

 Appl. Chem., 1898, i., 490-500 ; Collins, Agri. Chem., 1898, 13, 22 ; Dutt, 

 Mat. Med. Hind., 1900, 269-70, 324 ; A. W. and M. W. Blyth, Food Compos, 

 and Anal., 1903, 143-5, 171-2; Joret, Lea PL dans L'Antiq., etc., 1904, ii., 

 244, 313 ; Leach, Food Inspect, and Anal., 1905, 213, 221, 233 ; Hanausek, 

 Micro. Tech. Prod. (Winton and Barber, transl.), 1907, 349-52.] 



HORNS, ANTLERS, AND HORN-WORK. Blanford, Fa 

 Br. Ind. (Mammalia) 1888-91 (respective pages of species below). HORNS 

 and ANTLERS are largely utilied in the manufactures of the world, and 

 in their crude state are fairly extensively exported from India. The 

 traffic is mainly in the hands of the dealers in HIDES and SKINS. 



The following animals will be found fully discussed under Live Stock (pp. 732- 

 49), and, as they are the chief sources of the horns of Indian commerce, that 

 article should be consulted: * imiicu* (I.e. 483-93), the breeds of the Ox; 

 it. hiiiHiiiiH. the wild and domesticated Buffalo; it. <ji-nm, ><>*. the Yak; ./*- 

 inn*, the gayal ; it. j/<un-i*, the Bison; and it. aominim*. the Banting or 

 Burmese Wild Bull. Capra (I.e. 501-8), the various breeds of Goat ; c. //- 

 j/j-if.v, the Baluchistan, etc., Wild Goat ; ('.fntfonerl, the Markhor; *'. *iii *>. 

 the Ibex. i-i* (I.e. 493-501), domestic Sheep ; o. Jiodgnoni. the Tibetan 

 Great Sheep ; o. IIMO-. the bharul o. j>ii. the Great Sheep of the Pamirs ; 

 and o. (</"' the kuch or Wild Sheep of the Salt Range. Lastly, a small 

 group of transitional animals such as J'MI* ! jrtttiHiriiK (I.e. 508-12), 

 the tehr of the Western Himalaya ; w. hytocri'iifi, the Nilgiri Wild Goat. 

 \, ,,i<>, iKi'iit,* i,n Italian* (I.e. 512 5), the Himalayan Goat-antelope ; A T . * mnn- 

 ti-<-n*i*. the Burmese Goat-antelope. <'vi>mn j/o-i. (I.e. 516-7), the goral 

 of the N.W. Himalaya, or Himalayan Chamois. The UooeiiiiiiiiiH *></- 



ctiiiielitH (I.e. 5189), Or nilgai or Blue Bull. Teti-iiceru* qiiadi'lcornit! (I.e. 



519-21), the Four-horned Antelope. .tntiinjn- ecvrienitra (I.e. 521-4), the Black 

 Buck. iJuseiiu i>< ,i>,< in (I.e. 526-8), the Indian Gazelle, etc., etc. To that list of 

 BOVID.S: Oxen, Sheep, Goats and Antelopes has to be added the Deer, such 

 as CervHiiiK ninntjfir. (I.e. 5324), the Barking Deer. 1'errnM n.fin (I.e. 534-51), 

 the Spotted Deer; c. <-*ini>-i<t>n<*. the Kashmir Stag; <'. <infttnceii, the 

 barasingha ; c. elrti, the Manipur Deer or thameng of Burma ; c. jtorriitiin. the 

 Hog-deer ; *'. nnicotor. the Sambar or Rusa Deer. And ithinoca-oK triiiVurjii* 

 (I.e. 472-4), the great One-horned Rhinoceros, etc., etc. Such then may be given 

 as an enumeration of animals from which, in India and its mountainous frontiers, 

 horns and antlers are obtained. Commercially, however, the horns might 

 almost be said to be derived from the domesticated oxen all the others being 

 special or fancy articles, in which there is but a limited traffic. 

 Classification. Horns may be grouped as follows : 

 I. Those that consist of bone and which possess no true horny matter 

 in their structure. 



(a) True bone, such as antlers of deer. 



644 



