INDIA-RUBBER 



AFRICAN RUBBERS MANIHOT OLAZIOVII 



Ceara 

 . N'o. 3, 187-91 ; Agri. Bull, Strati* and Fed. Mai. States, 1900, 



!0 ; Cook, Cult. Cent. Am. Rubber Tret, U.S. Dept. Agri. Bull., No. 

 4'.. ; ir,..r Ind. Hull.. 1906, v., No. 3, 210-5; Trap. Agritt.. 1906. xxv., 216-21, 

 806-35 ; Wright and Bruce, Para Rubber in Ceylon, Agri. Journ. Roy. Hat. Unnl. 

 I '.MI;.. M!., 55-86; Utilisation of Para Rubber Seed-oil and Hull. 



h,<j,. hint.. 1903, 156-H; 1!>(>I, -j-_- :! ; Tsohiroh. Die Harze und die Harzbehn 

 I '.MM;. '.i<i;t Kin.,; I in tier. Disease of Rubber Trees, in Agri. Journ. Ind., 1900, 

 ... pt. iii.. -Jtii) 1 ; Sly, Rubber Exper. in Bomb., 1900, i., pt. iv., 415-0; Rubber 

 in li,,tnl>.. 1907, ii., pt. i., 80, 85-92; Wright, Cocoa, 1907. 77-8 ; Wright, 

 ltuhl>,-r Cult, in Hrit. Empire, 1907, 1 



Landolphla Klrkll. Dyer, and L. owariensls East and West African Rubbers; D.E.P., 



\-:x. A genus of climbing plants, met with in Africa, of which several iv., 372-4. 

 ; afford rubber. To Sir John Kirk is due the honour of having first directed African 

 attention to th.-so plants. Sir George King, in the Annual Report of the Royal Rubber. 

 M< 'tunic Gardens of Calcutta for 1880-1, reported the germination of seeds obtained 

 ii Kirk. The plants unfortunately, however, subsequently died. At the 

 Niliunhur plantation of the Nilgiri hills, further efforts were made to acclimatise 

 this plant. About the same time thirty-four plants were reported as doing well 

 in South Malabar. In the report of the Government Botanic Gardens, Bangalore Introduction 

 (1897-8), it is spoken of as growing like a weed. In the Report for 1902-3, tato Indim - 



:-on wrote : " Much nonsense has been written lately concerning a new rubber 

 plant i.nniit>ii>hiti i iioiioHii found on the French Congo." ..." The latex of this 

 little shrub, which is only half a foot high, is chiefly stored in the root." " The 

 African genus IM mioiitiitu promises to be a large one, and doubtless all the species 

 may be found to contain latex. We have one or two species on trial which grow 

 well. But as climbing plants they are not, in my opinion, very suitable for rubber- 

 farming in this country." Manson (I.e. 8) observes that the Landolphias have 

 recently been tried in Mergui and in the Rangoon Division of Pegu Circle. [Cf. Ind. 

 For., 1882, vii., 233-7 ; 1897, xxiii., 61-3 ; 1900, xxvi., 129-34, 313-30 ; Annals 

 of Botany, 1900, xiv., 203 ; Christy, New Comm. PI., No. 1, 8-10, and plate ; 

 No. 6, 54-6 ; Kew. Bull., 1899, 35-9 ; Morris, Cant. Lect., I.e. 1898, 773-6, 

 779-82 ; Sadebeck, Die Kultergew. der Deut. Kolon., etc., 1899, 270-7 and plates ; 

 Rev. den Cult. Colon., Feb., 1900, 121 ; 1901, 218 ; 1902, 75 ; Bull. Econ. Madag., 



1902, 143, 145-6, 251 ; Imp. Inst. Tech. Repts., 1903, 152-4 ; Jumelle, Les PI. 

 a Caout. et a Outta, 1903, 284-352 ; Agri. Journ. Natal, 1903, 25 ; Bull. Imp. Inst., 



1903, 68-71, 168-9; 1904, 94-5; suppl., 95-6, 105-6, 153-6; 1905, 221-2; 

 Bull. Imp. Inst., 1905, iii, 14-8 ; De Indische Mercuur, June 1904 ; Tschirch, 

 i.e. ii.,. 1013-4.] 



Manlhot Glaziovii, Mull. Arg. ; EUPHORBIACE^. Ceara Rubber, Scrap Rubber, D.E.P., 

 Manicoba Rubber. Cross described the tracts in Brazil where he found this iv., 374-8. 

 plant as possessing a dry arid climate for a considerable part of the year. The Ceara 

 rainy season, he says, begins in November and continues till May or June, Rubber, 

 though there are occasionally almost rainless years ; the temperature ranges 

 from 82 to 90 F., and the altitude is about 200 feet above the level of the 

 sea. Ceara is a coast town in lat. 4 S. 



In the early experiments at acclimatisation of rubber trees in India (1876 

 and subsequently) it was ascertained that while Ceylon had better be treated 

 as the centre of the experiments with and t'tmtiiioti rubbers, Calcutta 

 might with advantage be made the depot for Ceara. Sir George King accor- 

 ingly wrote, in the Annual Report of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Calcutta for 

 1880-1, that the Ceara rubber trees continue to grow vigorously, and a few 

 are now beginning to yield seed. In the same year, in the Annual Report South India. 

 of the Botanic Gardens, Nilgiri Hills (Barliar), it is said that the Ceara trees are 

 now completely established. Lawson, for example, wrote that Ceara trees " grow 

 very rapidly, and to all appearance thrive well ; but I have been wholly unable 

 to extract rubber from them in anything like a paying quantity, and every one 

 else hitherto has also failed." In the report for 1890-1 the record is made of 

 eight trees having been tapped for rubber. In the Report of the Conservator of 

 Forests, Madras (1891-2) it is stated that in North Malabar this rubber tree 

 grows like a weed and some of the trees are 46 feet high. In 1895-6, 309 

 trees were tapped in South Malabar and gave an average of 1 oz. per tree of 

 dry rubber, valued in England at Is. 6d. to 1*. 9rf. per pound. Mr. R. L. Proud- 

 lock, in 1898, tapped a tree eighteen years old in the Barliar garden, and by a 

 single tapping obtained 2f oz. of dry rubber. Ceara, he adds, is quite at 

 home and will grow almost anywhere on the Nilgiris up to 4,000 feet in al- 



657 42 



