IVORY 



3 unnas 5 pies a in.uin.i. Mr. \\il.l, whilo ConM-rvator <>f Forect* in Bengal. 



itch iittfiitiuii to the supply of paper material* t 

 ,:i.l aiiiii^ other subjects took ii|i the .-duly of tihabur. He then wrote, 

 When it i< undoratood that the Calcutta nulls turn i.m a 60 tons of paper a 

 week, or uii equivalent of, say, 600,000 maun . then- n room for wood 



IH'|> ati well as grass. It is believed that a consignment of 200 tons of pulp left I'ulp. 

 r Glasgow in 1896, at 4 2*. per ton. If the cost could be reduced to 

 t<>n and there seems no reason why it HhouM not it M.,U|,|, it is 

 ,i. ...,,i|.. ', u ithesparto. Surprise has been expressed that the plui. 

 immit y in hulnidoes not pay attention to the cultivation of grasses, etc., for paper- 

 inuUiii^. Them is evidently profit in it, and what i.-. mun;. with tin- output of 

 mills increasing every year, the demand, for some time to conn-, will be 



In Murshi'labad, according to Mr. B. C. Bose, Assistant Director of Agriculture, Mulberry Field*. 



!. it is now planted in clumps along the borders of mulberry fi. Ms. " Two 



cuttings are taken in the year, one in September and the other in March. With 



;->n three or four crops can be had. This is at any rate the experience in 



i. The March crop is cut after the grass has flowered, and yields very 



inferior fibre. No steps are taken to remove the flower stalks, no doubt owing 



to tlio cost of picking them out. The September crop does not flower, and yields 



the best fibre. The people look upon the formation of the flower stalks as a 



sary evil, which they have no means of checking." The Calcutta mills Calcutta' Supply. 

 tlraw their supplies from Sahibganj, Chota Nagpur and Nepal (the Terai), 

 the last mentioned having, in recent years, contributed fairly largely. The 

 Report issued by the United Provinces and Oudh for 1898-9 affirmed the u. Pror. Supply, 

 annual production to be 200,000 maunds. The cutting in these provinces is said 

 to commence at the end of October. That supply is very largely made use of in 

 cordage. 



ISINGLASS, GELATINE, GLUE AND GELOSE. There D.E.P.. 

 are commonly said to be five classes of Cements : (a) Calcareous iv - 524-6. 

 (pp. 713-4) ; (&) Gelatinous (animal, p. 543) ; (c) Glutinous (vegetable, p. ">* 

 293) ; (d) Resinous (see Tachardia lacca, p. 1063) ; and (e) Mixed Materials, 

 non-resinous. With the first mentioned lime is essential, and they are 

 collectively designated Mortars. Gelatine is prepared from animal flesh, 

 bones, skins, hoofs and horns. It is a purer article than glue, which is 

 made, as a rule, from the parings of hides and the refuse of the tan-yard 

 generally. A mixture of glue and shellac is often used in India, the lac 

 peventing the penetration of moisture, which softens and renders ordinary 

 glue often useless. There is no chemical difference between gelatine, 

 glue and isinglass. The purer transparent forms are used for culinary 

 purposes. Fish-glue made from fish-bones is largely employed in India, 

 and may be had all over the country, but no information exists as to 

 the centres of production or the methods of manufacture. Edible Swallows' 

 Nests may be described as Indian gelatine (see Birds, p. 138). Gelose is 

 prepared from several ALGJE, designated in India as agar-agar, and in Euro- 

 pean commerce as China Moss. The best-known example is 1ira<-ilnri<i 

 /irlirnoitfrs (D.E.P.. iv., 174-5). Numerous glutinous cements and 

 pastes are in use in India, the commonest of all being made with the water 

 obtained on boiling rice. [Cf. GLUE : Hoey, Monog. Trade and Manuf. 

 N. Ind., 176-7 ; Notter and Firth, Theory and Practice of Hygiene, 1896, 

 808; Journ. Soc. Chem. IndusL, 1904, xxiii., 1189-92 ; ISINGLASS : Day, 

 Sea Fish and Fisheries of Ind. and Burma, app. cxl.-cxlv.] 



IVORY AND THE MANUFACTURES THEREFROM D.E.P., 



Birdwood, Ind. Art. Indust., 1880, ii., 218 ; Mukharji, Art Manuf. Ind., i"., 208-27. 



1888, 148-50 ; Watt, Ind. Art at Delhi, 1903, 170-93. Ivor y- 



695 



V V*/ 



