JARUL TIMBER 



LARD 



AND TALLOW 



limpid On. which is medicinal. The pulp of both t!n< wild and the cultivated ofl. 

 . >M alo the leaves, are purgative. [C/. Asa > i'<iper$, 18* 



mi, Agri. Lohardaga, 1890, pt. 1, 78-9; Pharmeu-og, Ind., ii., 67-8 

 (J. .Han, Ind. Veg. Gard., 1892, 116 ; Banerjei, Agri. Cuttack, 1893, 115 ; Woodrow, 

 /., 1899, 331 ; Firminger, Man. Gard. Ind. (ed. Cameron), 1904, 168-9.] 



LAGERSTRCEMIA, l.i/./i. .- Fl Br. Ind., ii., 676-8; Gamble, DJLP 

 . Ind. Timbs., 371-6; Talbot, List Trees, etc., 1902, 175-6 ; Cooke, iv., 681-4. 

 /'res. Bomb., 1903, i., 612-4; Brandis, Ind. Trees, 337-40; LYTH- 

 K. A genus of trees or shrubs containing 18 species natives of 



. >ia. Burma may be spoken of as the centre of the genus. 

 L. Flos-Reginae, Ret*. , Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind., iii., 213. The jarul, ajhar, toman, 

 . adamboe, eikmwc, pyinma, etc. " The chief timber-tree of Assam, 

 rn Bengal and Chittagong, and one of the most important trees of Burma." 

 It also occurs in Chota Nagpur, the Circars and the west coast from the South 

 m southwards. It is commonly cultivated as an avenue tree. Is chiefly 

 found along river-banks and on low swampy ground, but occurs only sporadically. 

 No special care is taken to propagate the plant. It is ready to be felled 

 wh<-n thirty to fifty years of age. The timber is used for shipbuilding, boats Timber. 



i noes ; for construction of carts, etc. It has also been employed for gun- 

 carriages and was recommended for gunstocks, but the report on the experiments 

 so far made has been unfavourable. In South India it is used for building and 

 in Ceylon for casks. It is said to be very durable under water, but to decay 

 soon when under ground. Hope (Jarul Timber, Ind. For., 1885, xi., 373-6), 

 however, condemns the wood as not being durable and as being too readily 

 attacked by white ants, but Gamble remarks that it is not quite certain the 

 Hope refers to was in reality that of this tree. The average weight 

 varies from about 40 to 45 Ib. per cubic foot. A report is given by Unwin 

 (in Imp. Inst. Tech. Repts., 292-3; also in Agri. Ledg., 1897, No. 9, 181-3) on 

 various mechanical tests made on a block of this timber. He gives the 

 following results : weight, 41-77 Ib. per cubic foot ; resistance to shearing 

 along the fibres, 832*4 Ib. per sq. inch ; coefficient of transverse strength, 5-22 

 tons per sq. inch; coefficient of elasticity, 544' 1 tons per sq. inch; crushing 

 strength, 2-762 tons per sq. inch. 



There appears to be no trade in this timber carried on in the provinces of Trade. 

 India, except Assam. Of the Garo hills it is said that all the timber removed 

 is exported to Bengal, and that the price of a standing tree is Rs. 6. In Cachar 

 about 20,000 cubic feet are exported yearly to various places in the Sylhet 

 district, and the price averages Rs. 1-2 per cubic foot. [Cf. Unwin, in Ind. 

 For., 1898, xxiv., 89-91 ; Woodrow, Gard. in Ind., 1899, 318 ; Agri. Ledg., 1902, 

 - 1, 43.] 



L. parvlflpra, Roxb. , Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain, 1903, 353 ; Rec. Bot. Surv. 

 Ind. , 1 904, iii. , 59. The bdkli, sida, dhaura, nana, bonddra, chenangi, tsambelai, zaung 

 bale, etc. A large deciduous tree common almost all over India, except in very dry 

 regions. It is of considerable economic importance since the timber is in demand Timber, 

 for general purposes such as house-posts, beams and rafters, door and window 

 frames, agricultural implements, carts and boats. It also yields a good charcoal. 

 The average weight is about 53 Ib. per cubic foot. The bark has been employed 

 in tanning and as a black colouring agent. It also yields a fibre used in Chota Pibra. 



r Nagpur for ropes, and the gum is said to be sweet and edible. The tree is one Gum. 

 f those on which the tasar silkworm is reared. 



LARD AND TALLOW. The rendered fat of the pig forms the 

 valuable commercial product Lard. A similar substance prepared from 

 cattle and sheep is Tallow (see Live Stock, p. 754 ; also Oils, pp. 813-4, 819). 

 Space cannot be afforded to deal with these substances separately. Speaking 

 of lard, the best is the so-called Leaf Lard. This is derived from the fat 

 surrounding the kidneys, and from the flaky layers below the skin. In 

 European trade two other qualities are prepared from the softer and more 

 fusible parts of the fat, and are known as second and third quality lard. 



Lard. The following information regarding the manufacture in Calcutta 



701 



D.E.P., 

 iv., 264, 

 Hog ; v., 

 450-2. 

 459-60. 

 Lard. 



